洛伦兹变换和时间膨胀

Mateljević Miodrag
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摘要

我们考虑两个惯性参照系 S 和 S,为了简单起见,假设参照系沿单一方向运动:参照系 S 的 X 方向,在参照系 S 中以恒定速度 v 测量。利用空间和时间的同质性,我们在两个惯性参照系之间推导出修正的洛伦兹变换(LT),而不使用爱因斯坦的第二公设,也就是说,我们不假设在 LT 下光速(真空中)不变。粗略地说,我们假设:(H)在其参照系中处于静止状态的任何时钟都会以某个系数 s=s(v) 来测量时间的微小增量。作为相对论的一个推论,(H) 在洛伦兹系数为 1/γ 时成立。当 s=1 时,我们得到了牛顿物理学的伽利略变换,它假定了绝对空间和时间。我们还要考虑绝对空间与狭义相对论(STR)之间的关系。在这里,我们似乎需要对(H)进行物理解释。我们引入假设 3。和 方向的双向光速均为 c,并概述了(LT)在这种情况下的推导。请注意,公设 3 是比爱因斯坦第二公设更弱的假设。
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Lorentz Transformation and time dilatation
We consider two inertial frames S and and suppose that frame moves, for simplicity, in a single direction: the X -direction of frame S with a constant velocity v as measured in frame S. Using homogeneity of space and time we derive a modified Lorentz Transformation (LT) between two inertial reference frames without using the second postulate of Einstein, i.e., we do not assume the invariant speed of light (in vacuum) under LT. Roughly speaking we suppose: (H) Any clock which is at rest in its frame measures a small increment of time by some factor s=s(v). As a corollary of relativity theory (H) holds with Lorentz factor 1/γ. For s=1 we get the Galilean transformation of Newtonian physics, which assumes an absolute space and time. We also consider the relation between absolute space and Special Relativity Theory, thereafter STR. It seems here that we need a physical explanation for (H). We introduce Postulate 3. The two-way speed of light in and -directions are c and outline derivation of (LT) in this setting. Note that Postulate 3 is a weaker assumption than Einstein's second postulate.
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