Computational modeling of neuron–glia signaling interactions to unravel cellular and neural circuit functioning

Glial cells have been shown to be vital for various brain functions, including homeostasis, information processing, and cognition. Over the past 30 years, various signaling interactions between neuronal and glial cells have been shown to underlie these functions. This review summarizes the interactions, particularly between neurons and astrocytes, which are types of glial cells. Some of the interactions remain controversial in part due to the nature of experimental methods and preparations used. Based on the accumulated data, computational models of the neuron–astrocyte interactions have been developed to explain the complex functions of astrocytes in neural circuits and to test conflicting hypotheses. This review presents the most significant recent models, modeling methods and simulation tools for neuron–astrocyte interactions. In the future, we will especially need more experimental research on awake animals in vivo and new computational models of neuron–glia interactions to advance our understanding of cellular dynamics and the functioning of neural circuits in different brain regions.