M. Chandrakala , Renju Nandan , M. Venkat Ratnam , S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao
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BC mass concentration peaks during the morning (around 06:00–08:00 LT) and evening (after 18:00 LT) hours and is low during the daytime. High eBC is observed during the winter season whereas low eBC during the monsoon season. The source apportionment of BC is carried out using the aethalometer model and it shows that the major source of BC over the site is fossil fuel combustion (>60%) along with a non-negligible contribution from biomass burning (<40%). This result is supported by the absorption angstrom exponent values of less than 1.6 during all seasons. A significant decrease (30%) in the total eBC over the site is observed during the COVID-19 lockdown days. It clearly shows the impact of the reduction in the contribution from anthropogenic activities mainly vehicular and industrial emissions (fossil fuel combustion) on the BC concentration. Interestingly, even after significant reduction of fossil fuel source emission during the lockdown, 53% of BC over the observational site is still contributed by fossil fuel combustion. This obviously shows the dominance of long-range transported BC due to fossil fuel combustion over the observational site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000108/pdfft?md5=8a80ac61022772bf194bc4e5b9055f32&pid=1-s2.0-S2590162124000108-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Source apportionment of black carbon and the impact of COVID-19 lockdown over a semi-urban location in India\",\"authors\":\"M. Chandrakala , Renju Nandan , M. Venkat Ratnam , S. 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BC mass concentration peaks during the morning (around 06:00–08:00 LT) and evening (after 18:00 LT) hours and is low during the daytime. High eBC is observed during the winter season whereas low eBC during the monsoon season. The source apportionment of BC is carried out using the aethalometer model and it shows that the major source of BC over the site is fossil fuel combustion (>60%) along with a non-negligible contribution from biomass burning (<40%). This result is supported by the absorption angstrom exponent values of less than 1.6 during all seasons. A significant decrease (30%) in the total eBC over the site is observed during the COVID-19 lockdown days. It clearly shows the impact of the reduction in the contribution from anthropogenic activities mainly vehicular and industrial emissions (fossil fuel combustion) on the BC concentration. Interestingly, even after significant reduction of fossil fuel source emission during the lockdown, 53% of BC over the observational site is still contributed by fossil fuel combustion. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
为了减少排放,从而降低黑碳(BC)对人类健康和气候的影响,有必要了解黑碳浓度并量化不同来源的黑碳贡献,以便为决策者制定战略。COVID-19 大流行导致的封锁为分析人为活动对 BC 浓度及其来源的影响提供了一个独特的场景。在本研究中,利用对印度一个半城市地区(维贾亚瓦达(16.44°N,80.62°E),海拔 30 米)的六年 eBC 观测数据(2016-2021 年),分析了 BC 质量浓度(eBC)的变化、其来源分配、吸收角指数及其年际变化,以及 COVID-19 封锁对 BC 的影响。BC 质量浓度在早晨(6:00-08:00 时左右)和傍晚(18:00 时以后)达到峰值,白天较低。在冬季,eBC 浓度较高,而在季风季节,eBC 浓度较低。使用乙热计模型对 BC 的来源进行了分配,结果表明,该地区 BC 的主要来源是化石燃料燃烧(60%)以及不可忽略的生物质燃烧(40%)。所有季节的吸收角指数值均小于 1.6,也证明了这一结果。在 COVID-19 关闭期间,观测站上空的总 eBC 显著下降(30%)。这清楚地表明了人为活动(主要是车辆和工业排放(化石燃料燃烧))的减少对 BC 浓度的影响。有趣的是,即使在封锁期间化石燃料源排放大幅减少,观测点上空仍有 53% 的 BC 来自化石燃料燃烧。这显然表明,化石燃料燃烧导致的长程飘移在观测点上空的 BC 中占主导地位。
Source apportionment of black carbon and the impact of COVID-19 lockdown over a semi-urban location in India
To reduce emissions and thereby decrease the effect of black carbon (BC) on human health and the climate, the knowledge of BC concentrations and quantification of its contributions from different sources are necessary for establishing strategies for policymakers. The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique scenario to analyze the impact of anthropogenic activities on BC concentration and their sources. In this study, the variation in BC mass concentration (eBC), its source apportionment, absorption angstrom exponent and their inter-annual variations, and the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on BC are analyzed using a six-year observation of eBC (from the year 2016–2021) over a semi-urban location (Vijayawada (16.44°N, 80.62°E), 30m a.m.s.l) in India. BC mass concentration peaks during the morning (around 06:00–08:00 LT) and evening (after 18:00 LT) hours and is low during the daytime. High eBC is observed during the winter season whereas low eBC during the monsoon season. The source apportionment of BC is carried out using the aethalometer model and it shows that the major source of BC over the site is fossil fuel combustion (>60%) along with a non-negligible contribution from biomass burning (<40%). This result is supported by the absorption angstrom exponent values of less than 1.6 during all seasons. A significant decrease (30%) in the total eBC over the site is observed during the COVID-19 lockdown days. It clearly shows the impact of the reduction in the contribution from anthropogenic activities mainly vehicular and industrial emissions (fossil fuel combustion) on the BC concentration. Interestingly, even after significant reduction of fossil fuel source emission during the lockdown, 53% of BC over the observational site is still contributed by fossil fuel combustion. This obviously shows the dominance of long-range transported BC due to fossil fuel combustion over the observational site.