{"title":"美国老年人认知健康的种族差异:美国老年人认知健康的种族差异:退休前债务-资产状况的作用》(The Role of Debt-Asset Profiles During Preretirement Age.","authors":"Chioun Lee, Dana A Glei, Soojin Park","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Low-cost debt can potentially enhance wealth and indirectly benefit health, yet Black Americans disproportionately lack this type of debt, which may constrain their ability to accumulate wealth throughout their lives and across generations. Our objectives are to develop a novel debt-asset measure, use it to quantify the Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles, and estimate its contribution to the racial gap in cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2020), we grouped individuals based on debt and asset information during the preretirement period of ages 55-61, including the absence of debt and the relative amount of debt compared to assets. Linear mixed models were used to examine the extent to which cognition in later life (ages 62-80) differs across these debt-asset profiles and its role in explaining the racial disparity in cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Whites, Blacks were more likely to fall into categories characterized by high debt-to-asset ratio (DAR) or limited asset ownership. Low-asset nonborrowers displayed the poorest cognition, followed closely by high-DAR borrowers. The Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles contributed to the racial gap in cognition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There were 2 unfavorable debt-asset profiles: high debt relative to assets and little or no debt due to a lack of assets, which was more prevalent among Blacks than Whites. We discuss how institutional and structural racism shapes Black-White disparities in debt-asset profiles, such as limited access to borrowing opportunities, thereby contributing to health inequalities, including cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Racial Disparities in Cognitive Health Among Older Americans: The Role of Debt-Asset Profiles During Preretirement Age.\",\"authors\":\"Chioun Lee, Dana A Glei, Soojin Park\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/geronb/gbae014\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Low-cost debt can potentially enhance wealth and indirectly benefit health, yet Black Americans disproportionately lack this type of debt, which may constrain their ability to accumulate wealth throughout their lives and across generations. Our objectives are to develop a novel debt-asset measure, use it to quantify the Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles, and estimate its contribution to the racial gap in cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2020), we grouped individuals based on debt and asset information during the preretirement period of ages 55-61, including the absence of debt and the relative amount of debt compared to assets. Linear mixed models were used to examine the extent to which cognition in later life (ages 62-80) differs across these debt-asset profiles and its role in explaining the racial disparity in cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Whites, Blacks were more likely to fall into categories characterized by high debt-to-asset ratio (DAR) or limited asset ownership. Low-asset nonborrowers displayed the poorest cognition, followed closely by high-DAR borrowers. The Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles contributed to the racial gap in cognition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There were 2 unfavorable debt-asset profiles: high debt relative to assets and little or no debt due to a lack of assets, which was more prevalent among Blacks than Whites. We discuss how institutional and structural racism shapes Black-White disparities in debt-asset profiles, such as limited access to borrowing opportunities, thereby contributing to health inequalities, including cognition.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56111,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae014\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae014","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Racial Disparities in Cognitive Health Among Older Americans: The Role of Debt-Asset Profiles During Preretirement Age.
Objectives: Low-cost debt can potentially enhance wealth and indirectly benefit health, yet Black Americans disproportionately lack this type of debt, which may constrain their ability to accumulate wealth throughout their lives and across generations. Our objectives are to develop a novel debt-asset measure, use it to quantify the Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles, and estimate its contribution to the racial gap in cognition.
Methods: Using the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2020), we grouped individuals based on debt and asset information during the preretirement period of ages 55-61, including the absence of debt and the relative amount of debt compared to assets. Linear mixed models were used to examine the extent to which cognition in later life (ages 62-80) differs across these debt-asset profiles and its role in explaining the racial disparity in cognition.
Results: Compared with Whites, Blacks were more likely to fall into categories characterized by high debt-to-asset ratio (DAR) or limited asset ownership. Low-asset nonborrowers displayed the poorest cognition, followed closely by high-DAR borrowers. The Black-White differential in debt-asset profiles contributed to the racial gap in cognition.
Discussion: There were 2 unfavorable debt-asset profiles: high debt relative to assets and little or no debt due to a lack of assets, which was more prevalent among Blacks than Whites. We discuss how institutional and structural racism shapes Black-White disparities in debt-asset profiles, such as limited access to borrowing opportunities, thereby contributing to health inequalities, including cognition.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences publishes articles on development in adulthood and old age that advance the psychological science of aging processes and outcomes. Articles have clear implications for theoretical or methodological innovation in the psychology of aging or contribute significantly to the empirical understanding of psychological processes and aging. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, attitudes, clinical applications, cognition, education, emotion, health, human factors, interpersonal relations, neuropsychology, perception, personality, physiological psychology, social psychology, and sensation.