吸入环境纳米粒子和工程纳米粒子的有效密度及其对肺沉积和剂量测定的影响

IF 7.2 1区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Particle and Fibre Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI:10.1186/s12989-024-00567-9
Denisa Lizonova, Amogh Nagarkar, Philip Demokritou, Georgios A. Kelesidis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

空气中的环境纳米粒子和工程纳米粒子(NPs)会被吸入并沉积在呼吸系统中。此类 NP 的吸入剂量及其在肺部的沉积位置决定了它们对健康的影响。在使用粒子吸入模型计算 NP 沉积时,常见的方法是使用块状材料密度 ρb 而不是有效密度 ρeff。这种方法忽略了 NPs 的多孔团聚结构,可能会导致 NPs 在肺部沉积的剂量和位置出现重大误差。在这里,我们使用多径粒子剂量测定模型计算了各种环境 NPs(飞机和柴油机黑碳、木烟)和工程 NPs(二氧化硅、氧化锆)在人类和小鼠呼吸系统中的沉积情况,并考虑了它们的实际结构和有效密度。这是通过测量 NP ρeff 来实现的,结果发现 NP ρeff 比 ρb 小一个数量级。在人类和小鼠模型中,考虑到 NP 的实际 ρeff 会使其在呼吸系统肺部沉积的质量减少达 2 倍。通过将头部、气管支气管和肺部沉积的质量与总沉积质量进行归一化处理,忽略 NPs 的 ρeff 并不会显著改变沉积质量分数在人类或小鼠呼吸道中的分布。最后,这种方法得出的总沉积质量分数与人类研究中测得的柴油黑碳质量分数非常一致。如果使用 ρb 而不是实际有效密度,吸入粒子沉积模型就会高估吸入 NPs 的剂量。因此,要确定吸入 NPs 的肺沉积和剂量测定及其对公众健康的影响,就必须使用实际的 ρeff (可按本文所述方法测量)。
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Effective density of inhaled environmental and engineered nanoparticles and its impact on the lung deposition and dosimetry
Airborne environmental and engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are inhaled and deposited in the respiratory system. The inhaled dose of such NPs and their deposition location in the lung determines their impact on health. When calculating NP deposition using particle inhalation models, a common approach is to use the bulk material density, ρb, rather than the effective density, ρeff. This neglects though the porous agglomerate structure of NPs and may result in a significant error of their lung-deposited dose and location. Here, the deposition of various environmental NPs (aircraft and diesel black carbon, wood smoke) and engineered NPs (silica, zirconia) in the respiratory system of humans and mice is calculated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model accounting for their realistic structure and effective density. This is done by measuring the NP ρeff which was found to be up to one order of magnitude smaller than ρb. Accounting for the realistic ρeff of NPs reduces their deposited mass in the pulmonary region of the respiratory system up to a factor of two in both human and mouse models. Neglecting the ρeff of NPs does not alter significantly the distribution of the deposited mass fractions in the human or mouse respiratory tract that are obtained by normalizing the mass deposited at the head, tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions by the total deposited mass. Finally, the total deposited mass fraction derived this way is in excellent agreement with those measured in human studies for diesel black carbon. The doses of inhaled NPs are overestimated by inhalation particle deposition models when the ρb is used instead of the real-world effective density which can vary significantly due to the porous agglomerate structure of NPs. So the use of realistic ρeff, which can be measured as described here, is essential to determine the lung deposition and dosimetry of inhaled NPs and their impact on public health.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.90
自引率
4.00%
发文量
69
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Particle and Fibre Toxicology is an online journal that is open access and peer-reviewed. It covers a range of disciplines such as material science, biomaterials, and nanomedicine, focusing on the toxicological effects of particles and fibres. The journal serves as a platform for scientific debate and communication among toxicologists and scientists from different fields who work with particle and fibre materials. The main objective of the journal is to deepen our understanding of the physico-chemical properties of particles, their potential for human exposure, and the resulting biological effects. It also addresses regulatory issues related to particle exposure in workplaces and the general environment. Moreover, the journal recognizes that there are various situations where particles can pose a toxicological threat, such as the use of old materials in new applications or the introduction of new materials altogether. By encompassing all these disciplines, Particle and Fibre Toxicology provides a comprehensive source for research in this field.
期刊最新文献
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