揭开贝类幼虫进化的神秘面纱

IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 PALEONTOLOGY Paleontological Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI:10.1134/s0031030123110072
O. N. Kotenko, A. N. Ostrovsky
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要中型食光动物门中的毛虫具有令人惊讶的多种幼虫形态。体毛目(Gymnolaemata)中只有少数几个物种拥有长寿命的浮游生物幼虫(胞子幼虫和副胞子幼虫)。其余的裸盖虫,以及 Stenolaemata 和 Phylactolamata 类的所有物种都孵化其胚胎,胚胎的发育依赖卵黄、胚外营养(萎缩)或两者兼而有之,并有短暂的自由游动幼虫阶段。形态功能比较分析表明,与许多其他海洋无脊椎动物类似,在双壳类中,从浮游营养型幼虫到内营养型幼虫的转变是多重的,而且显然是基于卵生过程的变化。此外,新幼虫类型的获得总是与双壳类的胚胎孵化进化相关联。在糠虾类中,内营养进化的主要趋势是幼虫肠道的减少、幼虫保护性角质层/壳的脱落、外膜的掌状上皮的内陷以及副膜的增加。此外,石龙子幼虫失去了口器和梨形器官。胞囊虫虽然是浮游动物,但它的幼虫形态经过了很大的改变,不能被认为是贝类幼虫的祖先类型。拟尾柱虫具有高度衍生的异时性发育,其自由游动阶段实际上是一种嵌合体--要么是祖虫,要么是具有幼虫纤毛覆盖的幼虫群。
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Unravelling the Evolution of Bryozoan Larvae

Abstract

The medium-sized lophotrochozoan phylum Bryozoa demonstrates a surprisingly wide range of larval forms. Few zygoparous species from the class Gymnolaemata possess long-lived planktotrophic larva (cyphonautes and paracyphonautes). The rest of gymnolaemates, and all species from classes Stenolaemata and Phylactolamata, incubate their embryos, whose development relies on egg’s yolk, extraembryonic nutrition (matrotrophy) or both, and have a brief free-swimming larval stage. Comparative morpho-functional analysis indicates that in bryozoans, similar to many other marine invertebrates, transitions from planktotrophic to endotrophic larvae were multiple and, obviously, were based on changes in oogenesis. Besides, the acquisition of a new larval type has always occurred in association with the evolution of embryonic incubation in Bryozoa. In myolaemates, the main trends in the evolution of endotrophy were reduction of the larval gut, loss of the larval protective cuticle/shell, invagination of the pallial epithelium of the episphere, and increase of the corona. Furthermore, larvae of stenolaemates lost their aboral and pyriform organs. Although being planktotrophic, the cyphonautes is a highly modified larval form, and cannot be considered as an ancestral type of bryozoan larvae. Phylactolaemates have a highly derived heterochronous development with a free-swimming stage that is, in fact, a chimera—either an ancestrula or a juvenile colony having a larval ciliary covering.

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来源期刊
Paleontological Journal
Paleontological Journal 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
33.30%
发文量
70
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Paleontological Journal (Paleontologicheskii zhurnal) is the principal Russian periodical in paleontology. The journal publishes original work on the anatomy, morphology, and taxonomy of fossil organisms, as well as their distribution, ecology, and origin. It also publishes studies on the evolution of organisms, ecosystems, and the biosphere and provides invaluable information on global biostratigraphy with an emphasis on Eastern Europe and Asia.
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