评估维生素 E 和硒注射液、维生素 C 注射液以及过氧化氢灌胃法治疗东方蓝靛蛇(Drymarchon couperi)胃隐孢子虫病的开放标签、多臂随机临床试验

James E. Bogan, Bethany Jackson, Michelle Hoffman, Michael M. Garner, April Childress, Nick Clark
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摘要

胃隐孢子虫病(GC)是一种由蛇形隐孢子虫原生动物引起的有鳞类动物隐性感染,已对东部靛蓝蛇(Drymarchon couperi; EIS)重引进计划的圈养繁殖地造成了影响。本研究调查了一种治疗 EIS GC 的新方法。17 条患有 GC 的 EIS 被随机分为三组:A 组(n = 6)接受 25 mg/kg 维生素 C、0.5 mg/kg 维生素 E 和 50 μg/kg 硒的肠外注射,以及 5 ml/kg 3 % H2O2 的灌胃;B 组(n = 6)接受相同的注射,但灌胃 5 ml/kg 水;C 组不接受任何治疗,作为对照。A 组和 B 组的所有 EIS 在治疗后三个月的蛇虫检测结果均为阴性,而 C 组只有 60% 的 EIS(3/5)检测结果为阴性。 检测结果为阴性的 EIS 接受了一次 4 毫克/千克的地塞米松磷酸钠注射。地塞米松注射三个月后,66.7%(4/6)的 A 组检测结果仍为阴性,而 B 组为 83.3%(5/6),C 组为 20%(1/5)。虽然肠外维生素 C、维生素 E 和硒配合 H2O2 灌胃可减少蛇尾畸形的脱落,但其效果并不优于不配合 H2O2 灌胃的维生素/硒。如果希望彻底清除寄生虫,则不能推荐每周一次肠外使用 25 毫克/千克维生素 C、0.5 毫克/千克维生素 E 和 50 微克/千克硒来治疗 EIS 中的蛇虫属寄生虫。
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Open-label, Multi-arm Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Vitamin E and Selenium Injection, Vitamin C Injection, and Hydrogen Peroxide Gavage as a Treatment for Gastric Cryptosporidiosis in Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon couperi)
Gastric cryptosporidiosis (GC) is an insidious infection in squamates caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium serpentis and has impacted the captive breeding colony for the eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi; EIS) reintroduction program. This study investigates a novel treatment of GC in EIS. Seventeen EIS with GC were randomly divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A (n = 6) received parenteral administration of 25 mg/kg vitamin C, 0.5 mg/kg vitamin E, and 50 μg/kg selenium and 5 ml/kg 3 % H2O2 gavage; Group B (n = 6) received the same injections but 5 ml/kg water gavage; and Group C received no treatments and served as controls. All EIS from Groups A and B tested negative for C. serpentis for three months following treatment, while only 60% (3/5) in Group C tested negative.  EIS testing negative received one 4 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium-phosphate injection. For three months following dexamethasone, 66.7% (4/6) in Group A continued to test negative compared to 83.3% (5/6) in Group B and 20% (1/5) in Group C. EIS testing negative underwent gastric biopsies but only one from Group C was confirmed to be negative for C. serpentis. Although parenteral vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium with H2O2 gavage decreased shedding of C. serpentis, it did not outperform the vitamins/selenium without H2O2. The parenteral use of 25 mg/kg vitamin C, 0.5 mg/kg vitamin E, and 50 ug/kg selenium once weekly cannot be recommended for treatment of C. serpentis in EIS if complete resolution of the parasite is desired.
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