Cannabis sativa (hemp) – an eco-friendly material for heritage conservation and sustainable environment

PurposeThe present work highlights the outstanding properties of Cannabis sativa that can be harnessed for various utilitarian functions and its climate friendly properties.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors reviewed current research on all possible utilities from household work to manufacturing of various products that are environmentally sustainable. The authors have presented some of their research on this materials and also exploration of hemp as an archaeological material based on the findings from wall paintings of Ellora caves.FindingsThere are references of hemp use in mixing with earthen/lime plaster of western Indian monuments. Around 1,500 years of Ellora’s earthen plaster, despite harsh climatic conditions, survived due to the presence of hemp in the plaster that adds durability, fibrosity and its capacity to ward off insects and control humidity. Furthermore, the outstanding quality of Cannabis as carbon sequestrant was harnessed by Indians of ancient times in Ellora mural paintings.Research limitations/implicationsThis work discusses some relevant literature on the potential use of hempcrete aligned with Agenda 2030 of sustainable development goals.Practical implicationsThere are several research going on in producing sustainable materials using hemp that have the least environmental impact and can provide eco-friendly solutions.Social implicationsThe authors impress upon the readers about multifarious utility of the hemp and advices for exploration of this material to address many environmental issues.Originality/valueThis paper presents both review of the existing papers and some components coming directly from their laboratory investigations.