A review of the medicinal uses and biological activities of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum). Milne-Redh

Piliostigma thonningii is a medicinal plant commonly found in Eastern and Western Africa with a potential traditional usage to treat various diseases. Several studies have revealed interesting pharmacological activities of the plant and different phytochemicals were identified. This study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of P. thonningii. Relevant databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar as well as databases for theses were searched for information using the keyword P. thonningii and its synonym. P. thonningii is majorly prepared in Africa as a decoction, infusion, maceration, and ointment and administered orally or topically to treat several diseases such as malaria, cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated activities including antimalarial, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and other medicinal properties. Compounds including piliostigmin, C-methyl flavonols, quercetin, and others were among the active components. The general use of P. thonnigii in various medicinal forms in Africa presents a great opportunity for the development of innovative research toward the production of natural products and nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, additional studies especially in vivo are necessary to further elucidate the mechanism mediating the bioactivities, especially in relation to the medicinal and nutritional uses.