透视古代陶瓷技术:矿物学、化学和烧制条件的综合分析

S. Mammadov, A. Ahadova
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摘要

过去二十年来,阿塞拜疆主要通过国际天然气和石油管道建设,大力融入全球经济,并由此开展了大量考古研究。巴库-第比利斯-杰伊汉石油管道(BTC)和南高加索管道天然气管道(SCP)的建设推动了一项为期四年的考古实地工作计划,随后是一项为期六年的后期发掘计划。目前的工作采用了跨学科方法,使用各种仪器方法研究在这些项目中发现的古代文物。热重法和差热分析被用来了解古代陶器的生产技术和陶片的矿物学信息。对烧制陶浆的复杂过程进行了广泛研究,并确定了不同温度范围内质量损失比的模式。总共对 15 个样本进行了调查,陶瓷碎片的热重分析表明,样本的烧制温度在 700 °C 之间。XRD 分析证实陶瓷样品中含有石英、长石和粘土矿物。方解石和其他特定矿物的存在取决于陶瓷材料的来源。这种多学科方法得出的结果为了解陶瓷样品的烧制技术和来源提供了启示。
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Insights into ancient ceramic technology: a comprehensive analysis of mineralogy, chemistry and firing conditions
The intensive integration of Azerbaijan into the global economy, mainly through international gas and oil pipeline construction, has led to significant archaeological research in the past two decades. The construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline (BTC) and the Southern Caucasus Pipeline gas pipeline (SCP) prompted a four-year archaeological fieldwork program, followed by a six-year post-excavation program. The current work applied an interdisciplinary approach using various instrumental methods for studying ancient artifacts found during those projects. The thermogravimetric method and differential thermal analysis were employed to obtain insights into the production technology of the ancient pottery and information about the mineralogy of the ceramic sherds. The complex processes involved in firing the ceramic paste have been studied extensively, and patterns in mass loss ratios during different temperature ranges have been established. In total, 15 samples were investigated, and the thermogravimetric analysis of ceramic shards revealed that the firing temperature of the samples was in the range of 700 °C. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals in the ceramic samples. The presence of calcite and other specific minerals is subject to the origin of the ceramic materials. The results obtained from this multidisciplinary approach provide insights into the firing technology and the origin of the ceramic samples.
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