Recent Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Adsorbents for Organophosphorus Contaminant Removal in Water: An Overview

The presence of organophosphorus contaminants (OPCs) in water is a major concern due to their toxicity and adverse effects on human health and the environment. Traditional water treatment methods such as coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration are not always effective in removing OPCs from water, making it necessary to explore alternative methods. Nanomaterials, due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties, have emerged as promising adsorbents for the removal of OPCs from water. This review article focusses on the recent developments in the use of nanomaterials as adsorbents for the removal of OPCs from water. The article covers various types of nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials and other hybrid nanomaterials. The mechanisms of OPC adsorption by nanomaterials, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Waals forces, are also discussed. The article further highlights the factors affecting the adsorption capacity of nanomaterials, such as pH, temperature, and concentration of OPCs. Additionally, the article examines the challenges associated with the application of nanomaterials in water treatment, such as the potential release of nanomaterials into the environment and the need for cost-effective and scalable synthesis methods.