Depression Mediates the Association Between Burden and Quality of Life in Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling

Objective

This study aims to use Meta-analytical structural equation modeling (MASEM) to clarify the relationship between burden, depression, and quality of life in informal caregivers of stroke survivors.

Data Sources

The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wan Fang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database were comprehensively searched before January 16, 2023.

Study Selection

Two researchers performed an independent initial search by using a unified search strategy. Observational studies investigating the relation between burden, depression, and quality of life in informal caregivers of stroke survivors were included. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were appraised by “Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies”.

Data Extraction

PRISMA guidelines were used for this study. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 researchers. The following data were extracted: study author, year of publication, country, language, sample size, age, sex (%women), the caregivers’ relation with stroke survivor, measures, type of outcome reported in the study, study design, and main conclusion.

Data Synthesis

The analysis included 18 articles that reported 23 effect sizes (N=3284). The MASEM findings showed that caregiver burden was positively associated with caregiver depression (β=0.474, 95% CI [0.398, 0.550]), caregiver depression was negatively associated with caregiver quality of life (β=-0.316, 95% CI [-0.545, -0.087]). Furthermore, the association between caregiver burden and quality of life was completely mediated by caregiver depression (β=-0.150, 95% CI [-0.271, -0.041]).

Conclusions

Using the MASEM approach, we observed that caregiver depression completely mediated the relation between burden and quality of life in informal caregivers of stroke survivors. Although the results did not allow for causal inference, this result suggested that for burdened stroke survivors’ informal caregivers efforts should be made to their mental health to eliminate the internal barriers, then eventually improve their quality of life.