它们的城市耐受性如何?在繁忙的道路旁边测试引进的娇龙蜘蛛(Trichonephila clavata)的捕食行为

Andrew K. Davis, Kade Stewart, Caitlin Phelan, Alexa Schultz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一种来自东亚的入侵性球织蜘蛛目前正在美国东南部蔓延;Trichonephila clavata("jorō 蜘蛛")似乎到处都能结出巨大而壮观的蜘蛛网,包括在城市景观中,甚至在繁忙的道路旁边。然而,道路附近地区经常受到干扰,包括听觉和振动干扰,这对许多动物来说会导致生理或行为上的变化。在这里,我们测试了不同程度的道路交通是否会影响佐治亚州东北部的长尾蛛捕捉猎物的行为。我们走访了交通密度不同的路边,让附近的绒毛蜘蛛接触模拟猎物(频率为 128 赫兹的音叉,触碰蛛网),并记录蜘蛛是否攻击猎物。在20条不同道路的357次试验中,有59%的次郎蛛攻击了模拟猎物,但在局部范围内,这一比例的变化很大;在一些路边,超过80%的蜘蛛攻击了猎物,而在另一些路边,只有不到30%的蜘蛛攻击了猎物。如果把所有道路都考虑在内,那么每天的道路交通量和蜘蛛攻击率之间的相关性很小,但却很明显(负相关)。换句话说,在交通流量中等至大的道路附近,蜘蛛的攻击率略低于交通流量小的道路附近(51% 对 65%)。大尾蛛似乎可以在道路附近生活,但这需要付出捕获猎物的代价。不过,靠近繁忙道路的蜘蛛体重并不比其他地点的蜘蛛轻,这表明它们可能能够补偿干扰。这些发现补充了围绕该物种不断积累的证据,这些证据表明该物种有能力在人类占主导地位的景观中生存,这很可能有助于其在引入地区的传播。
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How Urban-Tolerant Are They? Testing Prey–Capture Behavior of Introduced Jorō Spiders (Trichonephila clavata) Next to Busy Roads
An invasive orb-weaving spider from east Asia is now spreading through the southeastern United States; Trichonephila clavata (the “jorō spider”) makes large, imposing webs seemingly everywhere, including in urban landscapes, and even next to busy roads. However, areas near roads come with frequent disturbances, including auditory and vibrational, which for many animals, leads to physiological or behavioral changes. Here we tested if varying levels of road traffic affect the prey–capture behavior of jorō spiders in northeast Georgia. We visited roadsides that ranged in traffic density and exposed nearby jorō spiders to a simulated prey (a tuning fork at 128 hz frequency, touched to the web), and recorded whether or not the spider attacked it. Out of 357 total trials across 20 different roads, jorō spiders attacked the simulated prey 59% of the time, but at the local scale, there was high variability in this rate; at some roadsides, over 80% of the spiders attacked, while at others, less than 30% did. When all roads were considered collectively, there was a small but significant (negative) correlation between daily road traffic and spider attack rates. Put another way, spiders near moderate- to heavy-traffic roads were slightly less likely to attack than those near low-traffic roads (51% vs. 65%). Jorō spiders appear to be able to live near roads, but this does come with a cost in terms of prey capture. However, spiders near busier roads did not weigh less than those in other sites, suggesting they may be able to compensate for the disturbance. These findings add to the accumulating evidence around this species that points to its ability to exist in human-dominated landscapes, which will likely aid its spread in the introduced range.
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