爱的考古学:伊里斯-默多克与威廉-德斯蒙德之间的伦理与形而上学

Nicholas Buck
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摘要

伊里斯-默多克(Iris Murdoch)对道德哲学的干预以人类的感知、对他人的适应以及对善的超越性概念为中心,仍然是伦理理论中富有洞察力和令人回味的源泉。我认为,她的作品在当代形而上学家威廉-戴斯蒙德(William Desmond)那里找到了一个具有生成性的对话伙伴。戴斯蒙德的思想通过重新定位价值的来源和性质,以及提出反还原的关系本体论理论,为克服这些二元论提供了有希望的途径。我在这两位思想家之间进行了建设性的碰撞,在德斯蒙德启发的形而上学中保留了默多克对关注和个体性的独特优先性,提出了一种综合的伦理方法,提倡关注他人的理想--关注他人的特殊性、多方面的剩余性和构成性关系--本身就是好的。
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LOVE'S ARCHAEOLOGY: ETHICS AND METAPHYSICS BETWEEN IRIS MURDOCH AND WILLIAM DESMOND
Centring on human perception, attunement to others, and a transcendent conception of the good, Iris Murdoch's intervention in moral philosophy remains an insightful and evocative source for ethical theory. Discerning some pervasive dualisms that hamper its coherence and development, I suggest that her work finds a generative conversation partner in the contemporary metaphysician, William Desmond. Desmond's thought offers promising avenues to overcome these dualisms by repositioning the source and nature of value and by theorising an anti‐reductive, relational ontology. Staging a constructive encounter between these two thinkers that preserves Murdoch's distinct prioritisation of attention and individuality within a Desmond‐inspired metaphysics, I present a synthetic ethical approach that promotes the ideal of attending to an other—in the givenness of its particularity, manifold surplus, and constitutive relationality—as good in itself.
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