基于ERA5再分析和现场观测数据的哥伦比亚上空结冰条件气候图

Kevin Chicaeme‐Ordoñez, Astrid Baquero‐Bernal, John F. Mejía
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摘要

本研究显示了美洲热带地区高空结冰频率的垂直剖面和空间分布。我们使用 "当前结冰产品-秒-A "算法对两组数据估算了哥伦比亚上空的飞行中结冰(IFI):(1) 温度和相对湿度垂直探测数据以及五个站点的地面站数据,时间为协调世界时 12 点(当地时间 07 点);(2) ERA5,时间为协调世界时 00、06、12 和 18 点(当地时间 19、01、07 和 13 点)。在这两种情况下,IFI 值超过 0.01 即为结冰。结果表明,结冰往往发生在 550 至 300 hPa(4.5 至 8.6 千米高度)之间,在 500 至 550 hPa 之间达到最大值,然后单调下降为零,直至达到 300 hPa。航空报告用于评估总气柱 IFI 和基于层的 IFI 检测,检测概率分别为 87% 和 71%。IFI 的年周期受热带辐合带(ITCZ)经向移动的影响,呈双峰分布,在多雨季节达到峰值。从空间上看,IFI 热点分布在哥伦比亚的太平洋、安第斯山脉和亚马逊地区;哥伦比亚北部加勒比海地区的 IFI 频率较低,相对最大值位于圣玛尔塔山脉。IFI 呈强烈的昼夜周期,夜间至清晨为高点,中午前后为低点。
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Climatology of icing conditions over Colombia based on ERA5 reanalysis and in situ observations
This study shows vertical profiles and spatial distribution of upper‐air icing frequency over the tropical Americas. We estimated the in‐flight icing (IFI) over Colombia using the Current Icing Product‐sonde‐A algorithm over two data sets: (1) vertical soundings of temperature and relative humidity and surface station data taken at 12 Coordinated Universal Time or UTC (07 Local Time or LT) on five sites and (2) ERA5 at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC (19, 01, 07 and 13 LT). In either case, icing was defined for IFI values exceeding 0.01. Results show that icing tends to occur between 550 and 300 hPa (4.5 and 8.6 km altitude), with a maximum at 500–550 hPa and monotonically decreasing to zero until reaching 300 hPa. Aeronautic reports were used to evaluate the total column IFI and a layer‐based IFI detection with a probability of detection of 87% and 71%, respectively. The annual cycle of IFI is modulated by the meridional migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with a bimodal distribution with peaks during the rainiest seasons. Spatially, IFI hotspots are found in the Pacific, the Andes Mountains and the Amazonia regions of Colombia; the northern Colombia Caribbean region show lower IFI frequency with a relative maximum collocated over the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains. The IFI exhibits a strong diurnal cycle with a high between night‐time to early morning and a low around noon.
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