M-Polynomial and NM-Polynomial Methods for Topological Indices of Polymers

Topological indices (TIs) are numerical tools widely applied in chemometrics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics for predicting diverse physicochemical attributes and biological activities within molecular structures. Despite their significance, the challenges in deriving TIs necessitate novel approaches. This study addresses the limitations of conventional methods in dealing with dynamic molecular structures, focusing on the neighborhood M-polynomial (NM-polynomial), a pivotal polynomial for calculating degree-based TIs. Current literature acknowledges these polynomials but overlooks their limited adaptability to intricate biopolymer relationships. Our research advances by computing degree-based and neighborhood degree-based indices for prominent biopolymers, including polysaccharides, poly-γ-glutamic acid, and poly-L-lysine. Through innovative utilization of the NM-polynomial and the M-polynomial, we establish a fresh perspective on molecular structure and topological indices. Moreover, we present diverse graph representations highlighting the nuanced correlations between indices and structural parameters. By systematically investigating these indices and their underlying polynomials, our work contributes to predictive modelling in various fields. This exploration sheds light on intricate biochemical systems, offering insights into applications encompassing medicine, the food industry, and wastewater treatment. This research deepens our understanding of complex molecular interactions and paves the way for enhanced applications in diverse industries.