断层对远程应力状态的影响

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Solid Earth Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI:10.5194/se-15-305-2024
Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Moritz O. Ziegler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要各种研究都讨论了断层对上地壳当代应力场的影响。数据和模型都清楚地表明存在这种影响,但迄今为止,还缺乏一项系统的研究来量化断层距离对应力场的影响。在缺乏数据的情况下,我们在这里使用一系列通用的三维模型来研究应力张量的哪个部分在距离断层的哪个距离上受到影响。我们的研究集中在远场,即距离断层带数百米的地方。这些模型评估了表示断层的各种技术、不同的材料特性、不同的边界条件、不同的方向和断层的大小。研究结果表明,所测试的大多数因素对距离断层 1000 米以外远场的应力张量方向或主应力大小都没有影响。只有在静摩擦系数较低(μ=0.1)的斜断层中,在距离断层 2000 米以内才会出现值得注意的应力扰动。不过,我们探测到的变化一般都很小,属于岩石性质变化引起的横向应力变化。此外,只有在距离断层最初几百米的地方,考虑到钻孔应力数据固有的不确定性,其变化才大到理论上可以被钻孔应力数据检测到。这一发现与可靠的应力大小测量和应力方位数据相吻合。因此,在高质量、高分辨率数据显示在 10 千米或更大的横向空间尺度上观察到大于 20∘ 的渐进、连续应力张量旋转的地区,我们推断这些旋转不能归因于断层。我们假设,大多数归因于断层的应力取向变化可能来自密度和强度对比等不同来源。
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Impact of faults on the remote stress state
Abstract. The impact of faults on the contemporary stress field in the upper crust has been discussed in various studies. Data and models clearly show that there is an effect, but so far, a systematic study quantifying the impact as a function of distance from the fault is lacking. In the absence of data, here we use a series of generic 3-D models to investigate which component of the stress tensor is affected at which distance from the fault. Our study concentrates on the far field, located hundreds of metres from the fault zone. The models assess various techniques to represent faults, different material properties, different boundary conditions, variable orientation, and the fault's size. The study findings indicate that most of the factors tested do not have an influence on either the stress tensor orientation or principal stress magnitudes in the far field beyond 1000 m from the fault. Only in the case of oblique faults with a low static friction coefficient of μ=0.1 can noteworthy stress perturbations be seen up to 2000 m from the fault. However, the changes that we detected are generally small and of the order of lateral stress variability due to rock property variability. Furthermore, only in the first hundreds of metres to the fault are variations large enough to be theoretically detected by borehole-based stress data when considering their inherent uncertainties. This finding agrees with robust stress magnitude measurements and stress orientation data. Thus, in areas where high-quality and high-resolution data show gradual and continuous stress tensor rotations of >20∘ observed over lateral spatial scales of 10 km or more, we infer that these rotations cannot be attributed to faults. We hypothesize that most stress orientation changes attributed to faults may originate from different sources such as density and strength contrasts.
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来源期刊
Solid Earth
Solid Earth GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Solid Earth (SE) is a not-for-profit journal that publishes multidisciplinary research on the composition, structure, dynamics of the Earth from the surface to the deep interior at all spatial and temporal scales. The journal invites contributions encompassing observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations in the form of short communications, research articles, method articles, review articles, and discussion and commentaries on all aspects of the solid Earth (for details see manuscript types). Being interdisciplinary in scope, SE covers the following disciplines: geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics: numerical and analogue modeling of geoprocesses; geoelectrics and electromagnetics; geomagnetism; geomorphology, morphotectonics, and paleoseismology; rock physics; seismics and seismology; critical zone science (Earth''s permeable near-surface layer); stratigraphy, sedimentology, and palaeontology; rock deformation, structural geology, and tectonics.
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