Combined endoscopic transorbital and transnasal approach for the management of a solitary plasmacytoma of the sphenoid bone: A case report and literature review

Parasellar plasmacytomas are rare neurosurgical entities. Intrinsic characteristics of these tumors, such as adjacent bone erosion and symptoms resulting from invasion and mass effect, may lead to the possibility of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) as a differential diagnosis. We present the case of a 39-year-old male with a 1-month history of bilateral decreased visual acuity, retroocular pulsating pain, and chromatic vision loss. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed a parasellar lesion causing chiasmatic compression, as well as clival, orbital, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal invasion. A combined transorbital and endonasal endoscopic approach was found suitable, and gross total resection was achieved. Histological analysis of the lesion established the diagnosis of a SEP. After radiotherapy, a new magnetic resonance imaging was performed, revealing a recurrence of the lesion with a high grade of invasion. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy, as surgical resection did not seem feasible. Surgical resection and radiotherapy may achieve remission of these lesions; however, recurrence rates remain high despite any treatment modality. Patients with this condition must be followed up with a multidisciplinary team due to the high risk of multiple myeloma progression.