The changing landscape of infections in the lung transplant recipient.

Purpose of review: Infections in lung transplant recipients remain a major challenge and can affect lung allograft function and cause significant morbidity and mortality. New strategies for the prevention and treatment of infection in lung transplantation have emerged and are reviewed.

Recent findings: For important vaccine preventable infections (VPIs), guidance has been updated for at risk solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, data on the efficacy of newer vaccines in lung transplant, including the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, are limited. Studies demonstrate improved vaccination rate with Infectious Diseases consultation during pretransplant evaluation. Two new antiviral agents for the treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in SOT, letermovir and maribavir, are being incorporated into clinical care. CMV-specific cell-mediated immune function assays are more widely available. Antibiotics for the management of multidrug resistant pathogens and Burkholderia cepacia complex have been described in case series and case reports in lung transplant.

Summary: Although new vaccines and novel therapies for preventing and treating infections are available, larger studies evaluating efficacy in lung transplant recipients are needed.