Ying-Hsuan Yen , De Yu Zheng , Shu Yuan Yang , Jin-Chywan Gwo , Sebastian D. Fugmann
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引用次数: 0
摘要
马苏鲑(Oncorhynchus masou formosanus)是台湾特有的一种极度濒危的鲑科鱼类。为了开始了解其生活方式从溯河洄游到完全河居的急剧变化是如何反映在其免疫基因上的,我们对编码六种细胞因子(IL-2A、IL-2B、IL-4/13A、IL-4/13B1、IL-4/13B2和IL-17A/F2a)的基因进行了鉴定,这些基因对T细胞反应非常重要,因为没有关于这种鱼的基因组数据。有趣的是,所有基因都是同源的,表明存在遗传瓶颈。IL2 和 IL17A/F2a 基因及其产物与虹鳟和其他鲑科鱼类的同源基因高度相似。在对 2 型免疫反应很重要的 IL4/13 家族中观察到两个显著的差异。首先,O. m. formosanus携带的编码IL-4/13B1蛋白的基因不仅有一个,而且有两个。其次,OmfoIL4/13A 基因有 228 bp 的缺失,导致一个过早的终止密码子,从而使 IL-4/13A 细胞因子失去功能。这表明该物种的 T 细胞对寄生虫感染的反应能力下降。
The cytokine genes of Oncorhynchus masou formosanus include a defective interleukin-4/13A gene
Oncorhynchus masou formosanus (Formosa landlocked salmon) is a critically endangered salmonid fish endemic to Taiwan. To begin to understand how its drastic change in lifestyle from anadromous to exclusively river-dwelling is reflected in its immune genes, we characterized the genes encoding six cytokines (IL-2A, IL-2B, IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B1, IL-4/13B2, and IL-17A/F2a) important for T cell responses as no genomic data is available for this fish. Interestingly, all genes appeared homozygous indicative of a genetic bottleneck. The IL2 and IL17A/F2a genes and their products are highly similar to their characterized homologs in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and other salmonid fish. Two notable differences were observed in IL4/13 family important for type 2 immune responses. First, O. m. formosanus carries not only one but two genes encoding IL-4/13B1 proteins and expansions of these genes are present in other salmonid fish. Second, the OmfoIL4/13A gene carries a 228 bp deletion that results in a premature stop codon and hence a non-functional IL-4/13A cytokine. This suggests a reduced ability for T cell responses against parasitic infections in this species.
期刊介绍:
Developmental and Comparative Immunology (DCI) is an international journal that publishes articles describing original research in all areas of immunology, including comparative aspects of immunity and the evolution and development of the immune system. Manuscripts describing studies of immune systems in both vertebrates and invertebrates are welcome. All levels of immunological investigations are appropriate: organismal, cellular, biochemical and molecular genetics, extending to such fields as aging of the immune system, interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine system and intestinal immunity.