Computational 3D-modeling and simulations of generalized heat transport enhancement in cross-fluids with multi-nanoscale particles using Galerkin finite element method

Abstract

Using ionized fluids in a magnetic field has numerous applications in engineering and industry. Therefore, heat transport in ionized fluids with thermal memory effects should be predicted using numerical simulations. To achieve this objective, the generalized heat transport in ionized fluid (following a cross-rheological constitutive relation) is modeled, and the governing system is solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). After the successful implementation of GFEM, the solutions are made grid-independent and convergent. Furthermore, the results are validated with existing literature. Our numerical results show that the memory effects are favorable factors in enhancing heat transport. The Joule heating and heat generation are the characteristics that adversely affect thermal performance. Therefore, heat-absorbing and non-Ohmic dissipative fluids are recommended for optimized heat transport. Similarly, using ionized fluid in the presence of a magnetic field is recommended, as Hall and ion slip currents significantly reduce the Ohmic dissipation in the fluid during heat transport. Hall and ion slip currents induced by the movement of ionized fluid subjected to a variable magnetic field tend to cancel out the retarding effects of Lorentz force, due to which the friction force between fluid particles and the solid surface is reduced. Thus, it is concluded that if stress at the surface caused by fluid movement is required to minimize, then ionized fluid is recommended as a working fluid for transporting heat. Thermal memory effects in mono-nanofluid are stronger than those in fluids with di- and tri-nanoparticles. Moreover, the heat transfer of fluid dispersed with tri-nanoparticles is the best working fluid for thermal efficiency in transporting heat.