Applications of motivational interviewing in adolescent solid organ transplant.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period that is known for the highest risk of difficulties with adoption and maintenance of health behaviors for successful transplant. Motivational interviewing (MI) has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in the management of modifiable factors impacting adherence in both adult transplant and analogous pediatric chronic illness populations.

Aims: This paper describes MI and its applicability to adolescent transplant, providing examples of its potential use at each stage of the transplant journey.

Materials and methods: Literature on the principles and utilization of MI are reviewed, as well as the use of MI in adult transplant and similar pediatric populations.

Results: Evidence suggests high applicability of concepts of MI to pediatric transplant.

Discussion: Systems-level factors influencing health behavior change are discussed, along with the importance of recognizing and managing provider bias in MI-based interactions. MI does not require a licensed behavioral health provider to use it effectively; rather, it can be used by various multidisciplinary team members throughout the course of clinical care.

Conclusion: MI shows great promise as a useful intervention through all stages in the transplant journey. Though particularly well-suited to adolescents, its principles are effective across the lifespan, including with caregivers. It represents an interactional style for use by multidisciplinary team members in many patient-and caregiver-facing scenarios. As the goal is to support the patient's autonomy in decision-making, it is important for providers to recognize their own biases. Further resources for training are provided.