Incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of drug-associated muscle adverse reaction: a retrospective real-world study of inpatients.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, incidence, and distribution of drug-associated muscle adverse reactions (DAMAR) in real-world inpatients, to provide valuable references for clinical medication use.

Methods: We conducted an automatic retrospective monitoring of inpatients from May 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023, to collect information on adverse drug reactions (ADR) of patients and conducted subsequent analyses.

Results: Among 102,430 hospitalizations, 1106 cases of DAMARs were identified, yielding an incidence of 1.08%, including 125 cases of rhabdomyolysis at an incidence of 0.12%. Seventy-five percent of the patients experienced muscle adverse reactions within 5 days after taking medication, with a median elevated creatine kinase (CK) value of 420.4 IU/L. Risk factors of DAMAR include age ≥ 65, male sex, obesity, hypertension, hepatic and renal insufficiency, and anemia. No significant correlation was observed between the duration of surgery and CK elevation, while the surgical procedure itself had an impact. The 114 drugs associated were predominantly nervous system drugs, anti-infectives for systemic use, and cardiovascular system drugs, with levofloxacin, pregabalin, and parecoxib being the most frequently associated drugs.

Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should be vigilant with patients exhibiting the identified risk factors. Monitoring creatine kinase and related indices when using myotoxic drugs is crucial to preventing serious adverse reactions, ultimately preserving patients' quality of life.