Comparing prolonged infusion to intermittent infusion strategies for beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Our objective is to determine whether prolonged infusion (PI) of beta-lactam antibiotics yields superior outcomes compared to intermittent infusion (II) in patients with Gram-Negative Bacterial (GNB) infections.

Methods: We systematically searched papers from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov, targeting mortality as the primary outcome and looking at the clinical cure rate, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay lengths, antibiotic treatment duration, and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration as secondary outcomes.

Results: Our meta-analysis of 18 studies, including 5 randomized control trials and 13 observational studies, with a total of 3,035 patients-1,510 in the PI group and 1,525 in the II group, revealed significant findings. PI was associated with reduced mortality (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.81; p = 0.001; I² = 4.52%) and a shorter MV duration (SMD, -0.76; 95% CI, -1.37 to -0.16; p = 0.01; I² = 87.81%) compared to II. However, no differences were found in clinical cure rates, antibiotic treatment duration, length of hospital stay, or length of ICU stay.

Conclusions: The PI approach for administering beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with suspected or confirmed GNB infections may be advantageous in reducing mortality rates and the duration of MV when compared to the II strategy.