Khaled A. Abdelrahman, Mona T. Kashef, Ramy K. Aziz, Yomna A. Hashem
{"title":"粪链球菌调节因子（fsr）基因座与临床粪肠球菌分离物明胶酶活性和生物膜形成强度的基因型-表型相关性","authors":"Khaled A. Abdelrahman, Mona T. Kashef, Ramy K. Aziz, Yomna A. Hashem","doi":"10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enterococci, known for their disturbing involvement in nosocomial infections, possess a diverse set of virulence factors, regulated by multiple genes. A key virulence regulator is the fecal <i>Streptococcus</i> regulator (Fsr) quorum sensing system. Multiple reports describe the involvement of <i>fsr</i> genes in several virulence mechanisms, notably gelatinase production and biofilm formation; however, the presence of <i>fsr</i> genes does not necessarily predict those virulence phenotypes. This study investigates the factors affecting the relation between molecular detection of <i>fsr</i> genes and accurate prediction of gelatinase activity and biofilm formation intensity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred enterococcal samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The isolates were identified through the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique targeting the <i>ddl</i> gene. Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet assay, while gelatinase activity was evaluated on gelatin agar plates. PCR was used to detect the <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes, as well as the gelatinase enzyme-encoding gene (<i>gel</i>E).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the collected 100 isolates, 93% were identified as <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. The isolates formed biofilm with different intensities: 47% were strong biofilm producers, 28% moderate, and 21% weak, while only four isolates (4%) did not form biofilm. Only 14% of all isolates had detectable gelatinase activity. The <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes were detected in 26% and 28% of the tested isolates, respectively, while <i>gel</i>E was detected in 57% of the isolates. Whereas no association was found between biofilm formation intensity and <i>fsr</i> locus genes or gelatinase activity, a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 1) was found between the detection of both <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes and the gelatinase activity.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B have a diagnostic value and may be used as biomarkers for gelatinase activity in <i>E. faecalis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Genotype–phenotype correlation of fecal Streptococcus regulator (fsr) locus with gelatinase activity and biofilm formation intensity in clinical E. faecalis isolates\",\"authors\":\"Khaled A. Abdelrahman, Mona T. Kashef, Ramy K. Aziz, Yomna A. Hashem\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enterococci, known for their disturbing involvement in nosocomial infections, possess a diverse set of virulence factors, regulated by multiple genes. A key virulence regulator is the fecal <i>Streptococcus</i> regulator (Fsr) quorum sensing system. Multiple reports describe the involvement of <i>fsr</i> genes in several virulence mechanisms, notably gelatinase production and biofilm formation; however, the presence of <i>fsr</i> genes does not necessarily predict those virulence phenotypes. This study investigates the factors affecting the relation between molecular detection of <i>fsr</i> genes and accurate prediction of gelatinase activity and biofilm formation intensity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred enterococcal samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The isolates were identified through the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique targeting the <i>ddl</i> gene. Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet assay, while gelatinase activity was evaluated on gelatin agar plates. PCR was used to detect the <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes, as well as the gelatinase enzyme-encoding gene (<i>gel</i>E).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the collected 100 isolates, 93% were identified as <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. The isolates formed biofilm with different intensities: 47% were strong biofilm producers, 28% moderate, and 21% weak, while only four isolates (4%) did not form biofilm. Only 14% of all isolates had detectable gelatinase activity. The <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes were detected in 26% and 28% of the tested isolates, respectively, while <i>gel</i>E was detected in 57% of the isolates. Whereas no association was found between biofilm formation intensity and <i>fsr</i> locus genes or gelatinase activity, a strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 1) was found between the detection of both <i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B genes and the gelatinase activity.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>fsr</i>A and <i>fsr</i>B have a diagnostic value and may be used as biomarkers for gelatinase activity in <i>E. faecalis</i>.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":577,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-024-00610-8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotype–phenotype correlation of fecal Streptococcus regulator (fsr) locus with gelatinase activity and biofilm formation intensity in clinical E. faecalis isolates
Background
Enterococci, known for their disturbing involvement in nosocomial infections, possess a diverse set of virulence factors, regulated by multiple genes. A key virulence regulator is the fecal Streptococcus regulator (Fsr) quorum sensing system. Multiple reports describe the involvement of fsr genes in several virulence mechanisms, notably gelatinase production and biofilm formation; however, the presence of fsr genes does not necessarily predict those virulence phenotypes. This study investigates the factors affecting the relation between molecular detection of fsr genes and accurate prediction of gelatinase activity and biofilm formation intensity.
Methods
One hundred enterococcal samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The isolates were identified through the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique targeting the ddl gene. Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet assay, while gelatinase activity was evaluated on gelatin agar plates. PCR was used to detect the fsrA and fsrB genes, as well as the gelatinase enzyme-encoding gene (gelE).
Results
Out of the collected 100 isolates, 93% were identified as Enterococcus faecalis. The isolates formed biofilm with different intensities: 47% were strong biofilm producers, 28% moderate, and 21% weak, while only four isolates (4%) did not form biofilm. Only 14% of all isolates had detectable gelatinase activity. The fsrA and fsrB genes were detected in 26% and 28% of the tested isolates, respectively, while gelE was detected in 57% of the isolates. Whereas no association was found between biofilm formation intensity and fsr locus genes or gelatinase activity, a strong positive correlation (r = 1) was found between the detection of both fsrA and fsrB genes and the gelatinase activity.
Conclusion
fsrA and fsrB have a diagnostic value and may be used as biomarkers for gelatinase activity in E. faecalis.
期刊介绍：
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.
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