Fengchun Zhang;Zhengpeng Wang;Tian-Hong Loh;Yunsong Gui;Si Tang;Wei Fan
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Multiprobe-Enabled Over-the-Air Calibration of Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays: Concepts and experimental validations
Millimeter wave (mm-wave) antenna array systems with high-gain beam-steerable capability play a key role in fulfilling the high data-rate demands of the 5G and beyond wireless technologies. Rigorous array calibration is essential to ensure that their radiation performance fulfills the standard requirements before massive rollout. These tests will exclusively transition to over-the-air (OTA) testing approaches with antennas included due to the lack of antenna connectors and their compact and highly integrated designs in emerging mm-wave radio systems. This has posed huge challenges for measurement and calibration of mm-wave antenna arrays due to the more demanding requirement on system complexity, implementation cost, measurement time, and measurement uncertainty. In this article, a multiprobe framework for phased-array calibration is introduced, aiming to achieve objectives including measurement range reduction, measurement efficiency improvement, and measurement accuracy enhancement compared with the conventional single-probe method. The basic principle, capabilities, limitations, and design of multiprobe configuration are detailed for each measurement objective. Moreover, extensive measurement results were presented to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed multiprobe-based array calibration algorithms for each measurement objective.
期刊介绍:
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine actively solicits feature articles that describe engineering activities taking place in industry, government, and universities. All feature articles are subject to peer review. Emphasis is placed on providing the reader with a general understanding of either a particular subject or of the technical challenges being addressed by various organizations, as well as their capabilities to cope with these challenges. Articles presenting new results, review, tutorial, and historical articles are welcome, as are articles describing examples of good engineering. The technical field of interest of the Magazine is the same as the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, and includes the following: antennas, including analysis, design, development, measurement, and testing; radiation, propagation, and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with discrete and continuous media; and applications and systems pertinent to antennas, propagation, and sensing, such as applied optics, millimeter- and sub-millimeter-wave techniques, antenna signal processing and control, radio astronomy, and propagation and radiation aspects of terrestrial and space-based communication, including wireless, mobile, satellite, and telecommunications.