{"title":"水成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 的现状与替代品：全貌（2024 年现状更新）","authors":"Gerard G. Back","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01559-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) has been the industry standard for combatting liquid fuel fires and hazards for almost 50 years. AFFF is a water-based solution that contains a fluorinated, film forming surfactant [per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] to seal the fuel surface during suppression/extinguishment. All “AFFFs” contain PFAS. Many PFAS are classified as forever chemicals (e.g., the ones used in AFFF) that do not naturally breakdown in the environment and/or in the human body. Some PFAS have been associated with health effects in both humans and in some animals. As a result, the ability to use AFFF to extinguish liquid fuel fires continues to be greatly restricted and has already been banned in numerous States in the United States and in countries across the world such as Australia. This article provides an update of the status of AFFF, the available alternatives and any revisions to applicable codes and standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"2019 - 2040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Status and Alternatives: The Big Picture (2024 Status Update)\",\"authors\":\"Gerard G. Back\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10694-024-01559-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) has been the industry standard for combatting liquid fuel fires and hazards for almost 50 years. AFFF is a water-based solution that contains a fluorinated, film forming surfactant [per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] to seal the fuel surface during suppression/extinguishment. All “AFFFs” contain PFAS. Many PFAS are classified as forever chemicals (e.g., the ones used in AFFF) that do not naturally breakdown in the environment and/or in the human body. Some PFAS have been associated with health effects in both humans and in some animals. As a result, the ability to use AFFF to extinguish liquid fuel fires continues to be greatly restricted and has already been banned in numerous States in the United States and in countries across the world such as Australia. This article provides an update of the status of AFFF, the available alternatives and any revisions to applicable codes and standards.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":558,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fire Technology\",\"volume\":\"60 3\",\"pages\":\"2019 - 2040\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fire Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-024-01559-z\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fire Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-024-01559-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Status and Alternatives: The Big Picture (2024 Status Update)
Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) has been the industry standard for combatting liquid fuel fires and hazards for almost 50 years. AFFF is a water-based solution that contains a fluorinated, film forming surfactant [per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] to seal the fuel surface during suppression/extinguishment. All “AFFFs” contain PFAS. Many PFAS are classified as forever chemicals (e.g., the ones used in AFFF) that do not naturally breakdown in the environment and/or in the human body. Some PFAS have been associated with health effects in both humans and in some animals. As a result, the ability to use AFFF to extinguish liquid fuel fires continues to be greatly restricted and has already been banned in numerous States in the United States and in countries across the world such as Australia. This article provides an update of the status of AFFF, the available alternatives and any revisions to applicable codes and standards.
期刊介绍：
Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis.
The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large.
It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.
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