Drought Stress Under a Nano-Farming Approach: A Review

NGOING climate change is leading to more extreme weather, which affects agriculture in various ways. In semi-arid regions of the world, and even some humid areas, drought stress is becoming more frequent. Prolonged drought periods lead to severe damages to cultivated plants, which impacts water and food resources. This review investigates how drought stress impacts plants and how management practices can be utilized to reduce the negative effects. Special attention is given to nano-farming where application of nanomaterials may ameliorate drought stress by increasing enzymatic antioxidants and decreasing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the promising results of nano-farming we conclude that further research is required, particularly to investigate potential negative effects, for example on nano-toxicity where particles can enter groundwater or into the food chain. Finally, drought stress is a complexed problem that affects all living organisms. A quick fix is not possible, but humankind needs to collaborate and work for a better future for all.