{"title":"两个不同保护制度的沿海湿地水鸟的飞行起始距离","authors":"Gianpasquale Chiatante, Claudio Carere","doi":"10.1007/s12210-024-01237-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activities can impact avian populations leading to impaired fitness. It is, therefore, important to monitor their response to direct disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is considered a measure of tolerance to humans and can be affected by age and gregariousness, yet few systematic data are available across species in similar environments. We measured FID in eight species of waterbirds in two coastal lagoon environments with different protection regimes, taking into account age classes and whether individuals were grouped or alone. Species markedly differed in FID: average distance ranged between 50 (little egret, <i>Egretta garzetta</i>, singletons) and 188 m (spoonbill, <i>Platalea leucorodia</i>, flocks). Overall, adults were more cautious than immatures, likely due to learning and experience, while flocks flew up sooner than singletons likely due to the “many eyes” effect. In areas strictly protected, where only low and non-threatening human activities are allowed, birds flew at a shorter distance than in areas with a less strict regime of protection. Interestingly, large-sized species flew at longer distance than small-sized species. These findings have important implications for management to reduce disturbance to avian wildlife by human activities and to assess the effectiveness of protected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Flight initiation distance in waterbirds of two coastal wetlands with different protection regimes\",\"authors\":\"Gianpasquale Chiatante, Claudio Carere\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12210-024-01237-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Human activities can impact avian populations leading to impaired fitness. It is, therefore, important to monitor their response to direct disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is considered a measure of tolerance to humans and can be affected by age and gregariousness, yet few systematic data are available across species in similar environments. We measured FID in eight species of waterbirds in two coastal lagoon environments with different protection regimes, taking into account age classes and whether individuals were grouped or alone. Species markedly differed in FID: average distance ranged between 50 (little egret, <i>Egretta garzetta</i>, singletons) and 188 m (spoonbill, <i>Platalea leucorodia</i>, flocks). Overall, adults were more cautious than immatures, likely due to learning and experience, while flocks flew up sooner than singletons likely due to the “many eyes” effect. In areas strictly protected, where only low and non-threatening human activities are allowed, birds flew at a shorter distance than in areas with a less strict regime of protection. Interestingly, large-sized species flew at longer distance than small-sized species. These findings have important implications for management to reduce disturbance to avian wildlife by human activities and to assess the effectiveness of protected areas.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54501,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-024-01237-w\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-024-01237-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Flight initiation distance in waterbirds of two coastal wetlands with different protection regimes
Human activities can impact avian populations leading to impaired fitness. It is, therefore, important to monitor their response to direct disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is considered a measure of tolerance to humans and can be affected by age and gregariousness, yet few systematic data are available across species in similar environments. We measured FID in eight species of waterbirds in two coastal lagoon environments with different protection regimes, taking into account age classes and whether individuals were grouped or alone. Species markedly differed in FID: average distance ranged between 50 (little egret, Egretta garzetta, singletons) and 188 m (spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia, flocks). Overall, adults were more cautious than immatures, likely due to learning and experience, while flocks flew up sooner than singletons likely due to the “many eyes” effect. In areas strictly protected, where only low and non-threatening human activities are allowed, birds flew at a shorter distance than in areas with a less strict regime of protection. Interestingly, large-sized species flew at longer distance than small-sized species. These findings have important implications for management to reduce disturbance to avian wildlife by human activities and to assess the effectiveness of protected areas.
期刊介绍:
Rendiconti is the interdisciplinary scientific journal of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Italian National Academy, situated in Rome, which publishes original articles in the fi elds of geosciences, envi ronmental sciences, and biological and biomedi cal sciences. Particular interest is accorded to papers dealing with modern trends in the natural sciences, with interdisciplinary relationships and with the roots and historical development of these disciplines.