两个不同保护制度的沿海湿地水鸟的飞行起始距离

IF 2.1 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1007/s12210-024-01237-w
Gianpasquale Chiatante, Claudio Carere
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类活动会对鸟类种群造成影响,导致其适应能力受损。因此,监测它们对直接干扰的反应非常重要。飞行起始距离(FID)被认为是衡量鸟类对人类耐受性的一个指标,它可能会受到年龄和群居性的影响,但很少有类似环境中不同物种的系统数据。我们在两个具有不同保护制度的沿海泻湖环境中测量了八种水鸟的起始距离,并考虑了年龄等级以及个体是群居还是单独活动。不同物种的飞行距离差异明显:平均距离介于 50 米(小白鹭,Egretta garzetta,单只)和 188 米(琵鹭,Platalea leucorodia,成群)之间。总体而言,成年白鹭比未成年白鹭更谨慎,这可能是学习和经验所致,而成群白鹭比单只白鹭更快飞起,这可能是 "多眼 "效应所致。在受到严格保护的地区,即只允许低度和无威胁的人类活动的地区,鸟类的飞行距离比保护制度不那么严格的地区要短。有趣的是,大型鸟类的飞行距离比小型鸟类长。这些发现对于减少人类活动对鸟类野生动物的干扰和评估保护区的有效性具有重要的管理意义。
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Flight initiation distance in waterbirds of two coastal wetlands with different protection regimes

Human activities can impact avian populations leading to impaired fitness. It is, therefore, important to monitor their response to direct disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is considered a measure of tolerance to humans and can be affected by age and gregariousness, yet few systematic data are available across species in similar environments. We measured FID in eight species of waterbirds in two coastal lagoon environments with different protection regimes, taking into account age classes and whether individuals were grouped or alone. Species markedly differed in FID: average distance ranged between 50 (little egret, Egretta garzetta, singletons) and 188 m (spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia, flocks). Overall, adults were more cautious than immatures, likely due to learning and experience, while flocks flew up sooner than singletons likely due to the “many eyes” effect. In areas strictly protected, where only low and non-threatening human activities are allowed, birds flew at a shorter distance than in areas with a less strict regime of protection. Interestingly, large-sized species flew at longer distance than small-sized species. These findings have important implications for management to reduce disturbance to avian wildlife by human activities and to assess the effectiveness of protected areas.

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来源期刊
Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali
Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
10.00%
发文量
70
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Rendiconti is the interdisciplinary scientific journal of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Italian National Academy, situated in Rome, which publishes original articles in the fi elds of geosciences, envi ronmental sciences, and biological and biomedi cal sciences. Particular interest is accorded to papers dealing with modern trends in the natural sciences, with interdisciplinary relationships and with the roots and historical development of these disciplines.
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