打破自身免疫的平衡:调节性 t 细胞是病因、治疗方法,还是两者兼而有之?

IF 2.4 Q1 PEDIATRICS Molecular and cellular pediatrics Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI:10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8
Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski, Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)是 T 细胞淋巴细胞的一个特殊亚群,对维持免疫平衡和防止过度免疫反应至关重要。根据其分化途径,Tregs 又可分为胸腺衍生 Tregs(tTregs)和外周诱导 Tregs(pTregs)。虽然 tTregs 和 pTregs 的调控属性部分重叠,但它们的作用模式、蛋白表达谱和功能稳定性显示出每个亚群独有的特性。在过去几年中,我们对 Treg 的分化、成熟、可塑性及其表型和功能之间的相关性有了更多的了解。对 Treg 数量和功能缺陷患者进行的遗传和功能研究有助于我们从机理上理解免疫失调和自身免疫性病症。本综述概述了我们目前对 Treg 生物学的了解,讨论了单基因 Treg 病理学,并探讨了 Tregs 在其他各种自身免疫性疾病中的作用。此外,我们还讨论了将 Tregs 作为创新治疗方案的靶点或药物的新方法。
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Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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