临床微生物实验室实用指南》:种植相关感染的微生物学诊断。

IF 19 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-06-13 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI:10.1128/cmr.00104-23
Marisa Ann Azad, Robin Patel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 种植体相关感染(IAIs)对患者构成严重威胁,并可能导致严重的发病率和死亡率。这些感染可能难以诊断,部分原因是装置表面形成了生物膜,而且即使发现了微生物,其临床意义也可能不明确。尽管最近实验室检测取得了进步,但侵入性感染仍然是诊断方面的难题。从治疗的角度来看,许多 IAI 目前需要移除设备和长时间的抗菌治疗才能治愈。因此,准确诊断、确定是否存在感染和涉及的微生物至关重要。用于 IAI 诊断的标准微生物培养的灵敏度因 IAI 类型、分析的标本和使用的培养技术而异。尽管已经描述了基于培养的 IAI 特异性诊断方法,但培养阴性 IAI 的挑战依然存在。有鉴于此,分子检测方法(包括核酸扩增检测和基于新一代测序的检测方法)得到了应用。本综述概述了这些具有挑战性的感染,以及从微生物学角度诊断这些感染的方法。
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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections.

SUMMARYImplant-associated infections (IAIs) pose serious threats to patients and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These infections may be difficult to diagnose due, in part, to biofilm formation on device surfaces, and because even when microbes are found, their clinical significance may be unclear. Despite recent advances in laboratory testing, IAIs remain a diagnostic challenge. From a therapeutic standpoint, many IAIs currently require device removal and prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy to effect a cure. Therefore, making an accurate diagnosis, defining both the presence of infection and the involved microorganisms, is paramount. The sensitivity of standard microbial culture for IAI diagnosis varies depending on the type of IAI, the specimen analyzed, and the culture technique(s) used. Although IAI-specific culture-based diagnostics have been described, the challenge of culture-negative IAIs remains. Given this, molecular assays, including both nucleic acid amplification tests and next-generation sequencing-based assays, have been used. In this review, an overview of these challenging infections is presented, as well as an approach to their diagnosis from a microbiologic perspective.

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来源期刊
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Clinical Microbiology Reviews 医学-微生物学
CiteScore
54.20
自引率
0.50%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (CMR) is a journal that primarily focuses on clinical microbiology and immunology.It aims to provide readers with up-to-date information on the latest developments in these fields.CMR also presents the current state of knowledge in clinical microbiology and immunology.Additionally, the journal offers balanced and thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues in these areas.
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