{"title":"德国洪泛区生态系统服务价值核算--国家研究很重要","authors":"Stephanie Natho , Paul Hudson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101615","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floodplains are among the most valuable and most threatened ecosystems. Worldwide, degradation and restoration are taking place at the same time. In Germany, more than 90% of the floodplains are degraded, and restoration is carried out through several projects because the benefits floodplains provide are already known, though not yet quantified. Decision makers and politicians are still in need of economic values, e.g. for cost-benefit analyses. Therefore, we sought to conduct a review of ecosystem services (ES) in German floodplains to provide a policy-relevant summary of estimated ES valuation efforts. While there are many reviews and <em>meta</em>-analyses in the scientific literature, they use data on an international scale. While international synthesis has value, assuming internationally synthesized values can be used to represent local or national values can be problematic due to unknowable transfer errors. In focusing on only German studies, we found that there were not enough data available for a German floodplain <em>meta</em>-analysis or review that could produce locally policy-relevant information. Only five floodplain ES were investigated in 14 studies between the years 2000 and 2021 within Germany, which provided enough data and study descriptions for a comparison of homogenized values. In total, ES of more than 4000 €<sup>2015</sup>/ha/yr were provided for German floodplains, which is much lower than global reviews, however, because of which and how ES are considered. There is an urgent need for representative studies examining how ecosystem values are generated and perceived to provide locally relevant information. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
洪泛平原是最宝贵也是最受威胁的生态系统之一。在世界范围内,退化和恢复同时进行。在德国,90% 以上的洪泛平原已经退化,恢复工作通过多个项目进行,因为洪泛平原带来的益处虽然尚未量化,但已经为人所知。决策者和政治家仍然需要经济价值,例如用于成本效益分析。因此,我们试图对德国洪泛区的生态系统服务 (ES) 进行回顾,以提供与政策相关的 ES 估值工作总结。虽然科学文献中有许多综述和荟萃分析,但它们使用的都是国际范围内的数据。虽然国际综合分析有其价值,但由于不可知的转移误差,假设国际综合分析得出的数值可用于代表地方或国家的数值可能会有问题。在只关注德国研究的过程中,我们发现没有足够的数据可用于德国洪泛区荟萃分析或综述,从而产生与当地政策相关的信息。2000 年至 2021 年期间,在德国的 14 项研究中只调查了 5 个洪泛区 ES,这些研究提供了足够的数据和研究说明,可用于比较同质化数值。总体而言,德国洪泛平原的 ES 值超过了 4000 欧元/公顷/年,但由于 ES 的考量对象和考量方式不同,这一数值远低于全球评估值。目前急需开展具有代表性的研究,考察生态系统价值是如何产生和被感知的,以提供与当地相关的信息。荟萃分析研究非常重视国际规模,以克服数据稀缺问题,但却牺牲了地方相关性。这是必须承认的基本权衡。
Accounting for the value of ecosystem services of floodplains in Germany – National studies matter
Floodplains are among the most valuable and most threatened ecosystems. Worldwide, degradation and restoration are taking place at the same time. In Germany, more than 90% of the floodplains are degraded, and restoration is carried out through several projects because the benefits floodplains provide are already known, though not yet quantified. Decision makers and politicians are still in need of economic values, e.g. for cost-benefit analyses. Therefore, we sought to conduct a review of ecosystem services (ES) in German floodplains to provide a policy-relevant summary of estimated ES valuation efforts. While there are many reviews and meta-analyses in the scientific literature, they use data on an international scale. While international synthesis has value, assuming internationally synthesized values can be used to represent local or national values can be problematic due to unknowable transfer errors. In focusing on only German studies, we found that there were not enough data available for a German floodplain meta-analysis or review that could produce locally policy-relevant information. Only five floodplain ES were investigated in 14 studies between the years 2000 and 2021 within Germany, which provided enough data and study descriptions for a comparison of homogenized values. In total, ES of more than 4000 €2015/ha/yr were provided for German floodplains, which is much lower than global reviews, however, because of which and how ES are considered. There is an urgent need for representative studies examining how ecosystem values are generated and perceived to provide locally relevant information. There is a strong focus within meta-analytical studies on the international scale to overcome the data scarcity issue at the expense of local relevance. This is a fundamental trade-off that must be acknowledged.
期刊介绍:
Ecosystem Services is an international, interdisciplinary journal that is associated with the Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP). The journal is dedicated to exploring the science, policy, and practice related to ecosystem services, which are the various ways in which ecosystems contribute to human well-being, both directly and indirectly.
Ecosystem Services contributes to the broader goal of ensuring that the benefits of ecosystems are recognized, valued, and sustainably managed for the well-being of current and future generations. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to share their findings and insights, fostering collaboration and innovation in the field of ecosystem services.