从对弱智学童自理能力培养的反思角度对学校课程进行分析

Hasmik Sargsyan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

注重自理能力可营造一种环境,让所有儿童,无论能力如何,都能参与并为班集体做出贡献。智障儿童在校期间自理能力的形成和发展,是帮助他们为在全纳环境中学习、独立生活和工作做好准备的整个系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分。与此同时,文献资料、在全纳学校工作的教师和特殊教育工作者的工作经验以及我们的观察都表明,对于智障儿童,尤其是低年级的智障儿童来说,在各类日常活动(游戏、教育、工作等)中掌握理论知识、实践技能和生活自理能力存在很大困难。掌握这些技能对这些儿童不仅在校期间,而且在毕业后都非常重要。所研究问题的重要性还在于,如今在亚美尼亚,向全纳教育转变已成为现实,有各种需求的儿童都在一起学习。这就要求儿童在广泛的活动领域具有独立性、充分的社会行为能力、空间定向能力、高质量的表现和许多其他自理能力。这些技能的发展水平在很大程度上决定了这些儿童能否成功融入和适应他们的同学。考虑到上述情况,研究和分析一至四年级各学科的学校课程如何反映轻度和中度智 障儿童的教育和自理能力发展问题就变得十分重要。这将有助于澄清这些课程的积极和消极方面、它们与培养这些儿童的自我服务技能问题的直接或间接联系程度,并为改进这些课程制定适当的建议。
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ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL CURRICULA IN TERMS OF REFLECTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CARE SKILLS TO MENTALLY RETARDED SCHOOL CHILDREN
A focus on self-care skills fosters an environment where all children, regardless of ability, can participate and contribute to the classroom community. The formation and development of self-care skills for children with mental retardation during school years is an important and integral part of the overall system of preparing them for study in inclusive settings, independent life and work to the possible extent. At the same time, literature data, work experience of teachers and special educators working in inclusive schools, as well as our observations show that for children with mental retardation, especially in the lower grades, the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills and self-care skills in various types of daily activities (game, educational, work, etc.) presents significant difficulties. The possession of these skills is important for these children not only during school but also after graduation. The significance of the problem under study also increases because today in Armenia the shift to inclusive education is a reality and children with various needs study together. This requires children's independence, sufficient social behavior skills, spatial orientation skills, high-quality performance and many other self-care skills in a wide variety of areas of activity. The level of development of these skills largely determines the success of inclusion and adaptation of these children among their classmates. Considering the above mentioned, it becomes important to study and analyze school curricula for various disciplines in grades I-IV in terms of how they reflect issues of education and the development of self-care skills for children with mild and moderate mental retardation. This will help to clarify the positive and negative aspects of these programs, the degree of their direct or indirect connection with the issues of developing self-service skills in these children, and to develop appropriate proposals for their improvement.
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期刊最新文献
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