用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测埃塞俄比亚中部生奶和巴氏杀菌奶中的黄曲霉毒素

Sitena Kebede, Belachew Bacha, Belachew Tefera, G. Mamo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

黄曲霉毒素是一组结构相关的霉菌毒素,由黄曲霉、寄生曲霉和提名曲霉产生,是次生代谢产物。最常见的黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉毒素 B1。它可以在肝脏中代谢,并以黄曲霉毒素 M1 的形式排泄到牛奶中。这两种形式的黄曲霉毒素都有诱变和致癌作用。在埃塞俄比亚,有关生奶和巴氏杀菌奶中黄曲霉毒素的发生率和污染水平的信息十分有限。本研究在亚的斯亚贝巴牛奶棚地区进行,以检测和量化生牛奶和巴氏杀菌奶中黄曲霉毒素 M1 的含量。这项横断面研究于 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 5 月进行,共采集了 114 份牛乳样本,其中包括 60 份生乳样本和 54 份巴氏杀菌乳样本,目的是采用 C18 柱高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和荧光检测器,检测和量化埃塞俄比亚中部地区生乳和巴氏杀菌乳中的黄曲霉毒素 M1 含量。在 114 份检测的牛奶样品中,有 79 份(69.3%)检测到了黄曲霉毒素 M1。最高浓度和平均浓度分别为 0.893 µg/L 和 0.0465 µg/L。其中 25.4% 的样品中 AFM1 的含量超过了欧盟的最高限值(0.05 微克/升),1.8% 的样品中 AFM1 的含量超过了 CES278 和 FDA 的最高限值(0.5 微克/升)。26.7% 的 Sebata 样品和 6.7% 的 Sululta 样品中的 AFM1 含量超过欧盟的最高限值(0.05 微克/升)。巴氏杀菌奶中检测到的 AFM1 污染率(96.3%)高于生奶(16.7%)。35.2% 的巴氏杀菌奶和 16% 的生奶中的 AFM1 含量超过欧盟 0.05 µg /L 的最高限值。研究结果表明,饲料类型、储存时间和牛奶类型对 AFM1 的发生率有显著差异。在研究地区,目前生奶和巴氏杀菌奶中的 AFM1 浓度水平对人类食用不安全。巴氏杀菌奶中的 AFM1 具有耐热性,对健康有很大影响。提高饲料生产商和养殖户的饲料管理意识并制定风险缓解方法对于减少公共健康威胁至关重要。
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Detection of aflatoxin in raw and pasteurized milk by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in central Ethiopia
Aflatoxins are a group of structurally related mycotoxins produced by the Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius species as secondary metabolites. Well-known forms of Aflatoxin are AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and AFM2. aflatoxin B1 is the  most prevalent one. It can be metabolized in the liver and excreted as aflatoxin M1 in milk. Both forms have mutagenic and  carcinogenic effects. In Ethiopia, there is limited information on the occurrence and contamination level of aflatoxin in raw and  pasteurized milk. The present study was conducted in the Addis Ababa milk shed area to detect and quantify the level of Aflatoxin M1 in  raw and pasteurized milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 on a total of 114 cow milk samples  consisting of 60 raw milk and 54 pasteurized milk samples with the aim of detecting and quantifying the amount of aflatoxin M1 in raw  and pasteurized milk in central Ethiopia by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C18 column with fluorescence  detector. AFM1 was detected in 79 (69.3%) of the 114 tested milk samples. The maximum and mean concentrations were 0.893 µg/L and  0.0465 µg/L, respectively. 25.4% of them contain AFM1 above the maximum limit of EU (0.05 µg/L), and 1.8% contained above the  maximum limit of CES278 and FDA (0.5 µg/L). 26.7% of the samples from Sebata and 6.7% from Sululta contain above the maximum limit of EU (0.05 µg/L). Higher contamination of AFM1 was detected in pasteurized milk (96.3%) than in raw milk (16.7%). 35.2% of pasteurized  and 16% of raw milk contained AFM1 above the maximum limit of EU0.05 µg /L. The study results showed a significant difference in AFM1  occurrence with feed type, storage time, and milk type. The current AFM1 concentration level in raw and pasteurized milk was not  safe for human consumption in the study areas. Due to its heat resistance, AFM1 is found in pasteurized milk and has great health  effects. Creating awareness of feed management for feed producers and farmers and developing risk mitigation methods are crucial in  order to reduce public health threats. 
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