在乌干达生命线河--鲁维齐河岸种植的土壤和叶菜中痕量金属的富集、生物累积和健康风险

WORLD Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.3390/world5010008
Deus R. Rutehenda, Christopher Adaku, Timothy Omara, C. Angiro, E. Ntambi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在湿地和河岸种植城市蔬菜是乌干达城市的共同特征。然而,城市化带来的各种人为活动可能导致水资源污染、土壤中污染物富集,进而导致在这些土壤上种植的植物可食用组织中污染物的生物累积。在这项研究中,我们报告了生长在鲁维齐河(乌干达仅次于尼罗河的第二长河)河岸的 75 个叶菜类蔬菜样本(芸苔属、菠菜属、杂交苋属、葫芦属和黑茄属)和土壤样本(n = 75)中六种痕量金属(TMTs)的含量。采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对食用植物组织和土壤中的 TMTs(锰、锌、镉、铅、铬和铜)浓度进行了定量。土壤样本中 TMTs 的平均浓度(单位:毫克/千克-1)分别为 205-373.84(锰)、12.72-65.04(锌)、0.26-0.42(镉)、3.36-16.80(铅)、5.96-25.06(铬)和 2.83-35.27(铜)。蔬菜样本中的浓度范围为 43.25 至 110.00(锰)、1.08 至 1.83(镉)、41.06 至 71.20(锌)、4.31 至 6.16(铅)、0.65 至 0.81(铬)和 5.70 至 14.35(铜)。除锰和铬外,其余 TMTs 都会在可食用蔬菜组织中发生生物累积(生物浓缩系数 = 1.03 至 10.71)。考虑到每天通过摄入、皮肤接触和吸入的方式长期摄入鲁维齐河沿岸土壤中的 TMTs,成人和儿童都不会受到潜在的非致癌和致癌健康影响。食用叶菜可能对儿童和成人造成非致癌健康风险(摄入锌、铅、铬、锰和镉)和致癌健康风险(摄入镉)。因此,有必要执行相关法规,减轻鲁维茨河的污染,以实现更可持续的经济发展。
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Enrichment, Bioaccumulation and Health Risks of Trace Metals in Soils and Leafy Vegetables Grown on the Banks of the Ugandan Lifeline River, River Rwizi
Urban vegetable farming in wetlands and riverbanks are common features of Ugandan cities. However, urbanization has led to various anthropogenic activities that can lead to the pollution of water resources, enrichment of pollutants in soils and, consequently, pollutant bioaccumulation in edible tissues of plants cultivated on such soils. In this study, we report on the levels of six trace metals (TMTs) in 75 samples of leafy vegetables (Brassica oleracea L., Spinacia oleracea L., Amaranthus hybridus L., Cucurbita pepo L. and Solanum nigrum L.) and soils (n = 75) grown on the banks of River Rwizi, the second longest river in Uganda only after the Nile River. The concentrations of TMTs (Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Cu) in edible vegetable tissues and soils were quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations (in mg kg−1) of the TMTs in the soil samples were 205–373.84 (Mn), 12.72–65.04 (Zn), 0.26–0.42 (Cd), 3.36–16.80 (Pb), 5.96–25.06 (Cr) and 2.83–35.27 (Cu). In vegetable samples, the concentrations ranged from 43.25 to 110.00 (Mn), 1.08 to 1.83 (Cd), 41.06 to 71.20 (Zn), 4.31 to 6.16 (Pb), 0.65 to 0.81 (Cr) and 5.70 to 14.35 (Cu). With the exception of Mn and Cr, the rest of the TMTs were bioaccumulated in the edible vegetable tissues (bioconcentration factors = 1.03 to 10.71). Considering chronic daily intake through ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of the TMTs in soils from the banks of River Rwizi, there are no potential non-cancer and carcinogenic health effects that could be experienced in both adults and children. Consumption of leafy vegetables could pose both non-cancer health risks (from ingestion of Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn and Cd) and cancer health risks (due to intake of Cd) in both children and adults. There is therefore a need to enforce regulations to mitigate the pollution of River Rwizi for a more sustainable economic development.
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