OBC shallow water de-multiple based on the principle of Fresnel diffraction

In shallow water ocean bottom cable (OBC) seismic data, the ineffectiveness of conventional surface-related multiple elimination(SRME) methods due to poor seabed records is addressed. This research utilizes the seismic wavefield received by multiple cables from a single shot gather to predict shallow water multiple models for that shot gather. Initially, the seismic data within a finite aperture around a seismic trace in the time domain shot gather is treated as the known seismic wavefield. This seismic wavefield is then extrapolated along the water layer to this seismic trace, following the Fresnel diffraction principle. The extrapolated data becomes the shallow water multiple model for this seismic trace. This process is repeated for each trace in the shot gather to obtain the shallow water multiple model of the entire shot gather. Forward modeling tests have shown that smaller data apertures can effectively avoid the impact of spatial aliasing on multiple model prediction. To address the overlap of primary waves and shallow water multiples in deep seismic data, which have lower dominant frequencies, the multiple model data is used as a known seismic wavefield and extrapolated along the water layer again. This produces second-order and higher-order multiple models. Applying this model to suppress multiple waves can minimize primary waves loss. This entirely data-driven approach necessitates solely water depth information, imposing no additional conditions. Both forward modeling and real seismic data testing validate the efficacy of this method in shallow water.