A Review of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation through Liquid Solutions

Understanding the molecular interactions in liquids or liquid mixtures of binary or ternary liquids is crucial for various applications. Numerous methods and tools exist to elucidate how atoms interact in such mixtures. This review examines multiple research papers investigating molecular interactions, focusing on the acoustic/ultrasonic technique. This technique employs ultrasonic waves to probe molecular interactions. Researchers utilized an ultrasonic interferometer to measure ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid den-sity can be determined by using a specific gravity bottle, and employed the Ostwald viscometer for viscosity measurements. Researchers derived several acoustic and thermodynamic parameters by evaluating ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid density, and viscosity. This comprehensive study dramatically contributes to understanding the molecular interactions within specific samples, with detailed explanations provided for the observed parameters. Ultra-sonic wave propagation influences the medium's physical characteristics; it includes knowledge of the physics of liquid and solution. How frequency and temperature affect thermo acoustical characteristics has been investigated. The nature of forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, hydrogen bond breaking, and complexes, has been deduced from the investigations above.