肠道微生物-人体共生:无处不在的微生物群落与健康和发育的关系,第 2 部分

Smitha Dutt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类肠道微生物群由一系列微生物物种(约 100 到 1000 种)组成,是一个极易改变的生态系统。它起源于人类出生前后,随着婴儿的成长而不断演化,直至成熟为相对稳定的成人肠道组成。在这种动态进化过程中,肠道微生物组的组成受到饮食、环境、出生方式、遗传、感染和药物等因素的影响或改变。这种改变(菌群失调)与疾病之间的密切联系促使科学家开发出针对肠道功能失调的疗法。目前的研究重点是将微生物群或其相关代谢物作为潜在疗法。探索的治疗方案包括益生菌、益生菌、后益生菌、合成益生菌、粪便微生物群移植和活生物治疗产品。肠道微生物组并不是解决所有健康问题的灵丹妙药;相反,它是人体内部相互关联的大型操作系统网络的一部分。作为科学数据的传播者,医学作家在教育公众了解肠道微生物组疗法的优点和局限性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,大众言论可能会受到错误信息的影响。随着社交媒体的影响力与日俱增,非专业读者必须学会如何批判性地评估这些来源传播的健康信息。这本肠道微生物组系列丛书的第二部分探讨了肠道微生物组与人类疾病的关联,以及社交媒体在影响大众对肠道微生物组重要性的认知和理解方面所起的作用。还将讨论利用肠道微生物组的已获批准和实验性疗法。
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The Gut Microbiome–Human Body Symbiosis: Relevance of the Ubiquitous Microbial Community on Health and Development, Part 2
The human gut microbiome, comprising a range of microbial species (~100 to 1,000), is an extremely malleable ecosystem. It originates around the time of human birth and evolves as the infant grows until it matures into the relatively stable adult gut composition. Through this dynamic evolution, the composition of the gut microbiome is influenced or altered by factors such as diet, environment, mode of birth, genetics, infections, and medications. Strong associations between such alterations (dysbiosis) and diseases have led scientists to develop therapies that target a malfunctioning gut. Research is now focused on the microbiota or their associated metabolites as potential therapies. Treatment options explored include prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplants, and live biotherapeutic products. The gut microbiome is not a panacea for all health issues; rather, it is part of a large network of interconnected operating systems within the human body. As communicators of scientific data, medical writers play a vital role in educating the public on the merits and limitations of gut microbiome therapeutics. Popular discourse, however, can be influenced by misinformation. With the ever-growing influence of social media, the lay reader must learn how to critically appraise the health information propagated by these sources. This second part of the gut microbiome series explores the association of the gut microbiome with human disease and the role that social media plays in influencing the popular perception and understanding of the importance of the gut microbiome. Approved and experimental therapies using the gut microbiome will be discussed.
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