Measurement and Evaluation of Voltage Unbalance in 2 × 25 kV 50 Hz High-Speed Trains Using Variable Integration Period

This article addresses the need for a standardized method to measure power quality in railroad systems, which differ from distribution and transmission networks. It evaluates the applicability of existing standards in detecting variations and short-term disturbances in railroad networks powered by the 50/60 Hz AC grid or the 2 × 25 kV AC network used for high-speed trains. The objective is to propose a standardized algorithm capable of accurately identifying disturbances to assess power quality on railway traction substations. A new method is proposed to characterize voltage imbalances more precisely. Practical demonstrations confirm that a short integration period, as used in existing standards, provides a more accurate estimation of disturbance amplitude and duration. Field experiments validate the proposed solution, embedded in equipment installed on the 225 kV line supplying the 2 × 25 kV AC substation for high-speed rail. Comparative analysis of results obtained during high-speed train journeys confirms the algorithm’s potential to aid standards committees in reviewing and updating existing standards, as well as expediting the creation, approval, and implementation of new standards for railway installations. Experimental comparisons of other power quality parameters, such as frequency and voltage harmonics, also underscore the algorithm’s utility in railway power quality assessment.