大麦新品种 "Lyuboyar "在不同播种密度下的品种特性

O. Levakova
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摘要

本研究旨在确定春大麦品种 "Lyuboyar "的最佳播种量,以便在俄罗斯联邦中部地区非黑土地条件下,在平均肥力水平的深灰色森林土壤上获得具有经济效益的产量。试验在梁赞地区的条件下进行,选择 2022-2023 年播种在 "黑色 "休耕地上的轮作品种。试验计划包括对 6 个方案的研究:每公顷 3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0 和 5.5 百万发芽种子。试验结果表明,就田间发芽率和收割前植株存活率而言,最佳方案是每公顷 400 万粒,分别为 89.5%和 77.5%。收获前的存活株数、生产茎数、株高、头长、每头粒数和每头粒重对作物产量有显著影响(r = +0.727...+0.955)。播种量为 450 万粒的变种茎数最多(924 个/平方米),头长最大(9.2 厘米);播种量为 500 万粒的变种株高(83 厘米)最大;播种量为 500 万粒至 550 万粒的变种生产性分蘖最多(3.1);播种量为 400 万粒的变种每头粒数最多(23.9 粒);播种量为 400 万粒至 450 万粒的变种每头粒重最大(1.2 克);播种量为 300 万粒/公顷的变种每公顷粒重最大(47.5 克)。研究发现,随着播种率的增加,收获前的株数增加,生产茎数、株高、分蘖系数和头长增加,r = +0.543...+0.889 ,但头重(r = -0.355),尤其是千粒重(r = -0.752)等指标有所下降。播种量为每公顷 400 万粒种子时,产量最高,为 7.05 吨/公顷;播种量为每公顷 450 万粒种子时,产量为 6.90 吨/公顷。每公顷播种量为 400-450 万粒胚芽种子时,最高收益率为 67.2-60.2%。
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Varietal characteristics of the new barley variety ‘Lyuboyar’ when cultivated with different sowing density
The purpose of the current study was to identify the optimized seeding rate of the spring barley variety ‘Lyuboyar’ to obtain an economically profitable yield in the conditions of the non-blackearth part of the Central region of the Russian Federation on dark gray forest soils of a mean fertility level. The trials were carried out in the conditions of the Ryazan region in the selection crop rotation when sown in “black” fallow in 2022–2023. The trial scheme included the study of 6 options: 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0 and 5.5 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. There has been established that the optimal option in terms of field germination and preservation of plants for harvesting is the norm of 4.0 million per 1 ha with 89.5 % and 77.5 %, respectively. The number of survived plants before harvesting, the number of productive stems, plant height, head length, number of grains per head and grain weight per head have a significant contribution to crop productivity (r = +0.727...+0.955). The maximum number of stems (924 pcs/m2) and head length (9.2 cm) was demonstrated by the variant with a seeding rate of 4.5 million, height (83 cm) with 5.0 million, productive tillering (3.1) with 5.0–5.5 million, number of grains per head (23.9 pcs.) with 4.0 million, weight of grain per head (1.2 g) with 4.0–4.5 million, 1000-grain weight (47.5 g) with 3.0 million seeds per hectare. It was found that with an increase in the seeding rate, the number of plants increases before harvesting, the number of productive stems, plant height, tillering coefficient and head length increase with r = +0.543...+0.889, but there has been a decrease in indicators such as head weight (r = -0.355) and, especially, 1000-grain weight (r = -0.752). The largest productivity of 7.05 t/ha was obtained with a seeding rate of 4.0 million seeds per hectare, in the second place there was 6.90 t/ha with a rate of 4.5 million seeds per ha. At seeding rates of 4.0–4.5 million germ. seeds per 1 ha, the highest profitability was 67.2–60.2 %.
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