Assessment of concentrations of interleukin IL-1β, interleukin 2, interleukin 15 and level of Testosterone hormone in COVID-19 infertile patients

The male reproductive system relies on the proper production of sperm. Spermatogenesis is a complex process that calls for the cooperation of many different elements. The presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 2, and interleukin 15 in the male reproductive tract may be responsible for the manifestation of physiological processes in the testes, epididymis, and sperm of the male reproductive system. However, The present study aimed to determine the effect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the concentration levels of  IL-1β, interleukin 2, and interleukin 15 in males. Moreover, to assess its impact on the hormone. A total of the n=95 clinical samples from the infertile patients confirmed COVID-19 patients involved the analysis of serum or plasma samples from 95 patients to measure levels of Testosterone hormone, IL15, IL-1B, and IL-2 by using an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) of IL-1B, IL-15 and a decrease in IL-2  level in infertile; also,  testosterone evaluated in the serum and plasma of SARS-CoV-2 patients showed a positive connection between the level of hormone and IL-1B, IL-15, While negatively related with IL-2 patients infected with coronavirus compared with non-infected infertile patients. Male individuals with COVID-19 who experience infertility exhibited a combination of various factors that are linked to reduced testosterone hormone levels. These factors include advancing age, obesity, and cytokine alteration; there is an observed increase in IL-1B and IL-15 levels and a decrease in IL-2 concentration in these patients.