Wireless Sensor Network Implementation to Prevent Railway Route Accident

A Wireless Area Network (WSN) routing protocol with excellent throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency is presented in this study. In order to lower energy consumption and lengthen network lifetime, multi-hop topology is used. It recommends choosing a parent node or forwarder by using a cost function. The parent node with the highest residual energy and closest proximity to the sink is selected using the suggested cost function. While the distance parameter guarantees successful packet delivery to the sink, the residual energy parameter balances the energy consumption among the sensor nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol maximizes node uptime and network stability. Longer stability periods lead to higher packet delivery to sink, which is particularly desirable for continuous patient monitoring. The location of sensors, the architecture of base stations and sensor nodes, routing protocols, signal collecting and transmission, and the setup of an online monitoring system are all covered in this study's technological foundation. A realistic mesh sensing system has been used to study the evaluation of linear network topologies based on routing algorithms for train monitoring. According to the results, multi-hop topology performs better than conventional in terms of residual energy level, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that our protocol approach maximizes both network stability and node uptime. Higher packet delivery to sink is the result of longer stability durations, and this is highly desirable for ongoing patient monitoring.