Kyung Min Lee, Leidys Murillo-Ramos, Peter Huemer, Axel Hausmann, Hermann S. Staude, Toni Mayr, Pasi Sihvonen
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引用次数: 0
摘要
由于气候变化,许多独特的高海拔山区生态系统正在衰退,这对适应这些生态系统的动植物构成了威胁。本研究探讨了欧洲阿尔卑斯山地区尺蠖蛾(鳞翅目:雌蛾科,Gnophini)的高海拔适应性进化,重点是雌蛾的不飞和昼夜活动。我们利用多达七个遗传标记的 157 个分类群数据集构建了雌蛾的系统进化史,并追溯了雌蛾昼伏夜出和翅长缩短的进化史。对分化时间的分析表明,在中新世早期和晚期之间,雌性不飞至少独立进化了三次。翅膀长度缩短的进化可能与海拔高度有关,这表明雌鸟适应了高海拔地区寒冷和多风的环境。导致成年昼夜活动转变的进化事件(从祖先的夜行到昼行)至少独立发生了三次,这也可能是适应高海拔的结果。令人吃惊的是,在昼伏夜出的 Sciadia 中,有两个物种进一步进化,变得像它们的祖先一样昼伏夜出。我们的研究结果突显了系统发生如何为蛾类的进化模式提供新的见解。我们为解决阿尔卑斯山蛾类分类学上的模糊问题提供了坚实的基础,并由此对目前的分类提出了 10 项修改建议:n.,Elophos Boisduval(模式种 Geometra operaria Hübner)被认为是 Sciadia Hübner syn、Yezognophos serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) 被归入 Scrupeus Lee & Sihvonen comb、and E. andereggaria (De La Harpe) are transferred to Sciadia Hübner comb. n. and Dichrognophos Wehrli (type species Gnophos orthogonia Wehrli) is transferred from Ennominae:Cassymini to Ennominae:Gnophini.
Complex evolution in thin air: Investigating female flightlessness and diel behaviour in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera)
Many unique high-altitude mountain ecosystems have been declining due to climate change, posing a threat to flora and fauna that have adapted to these ecosystems. This study explores the evolution of high-altitude adaptations, focusing on female flightlessness and diel activity, in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Ennominae, Gnophini) within the European Alps. We constructed a phylogeny of Gnophini moths using a dataset of 157 taxa, with up to seven genetic markers and traced the evolutionary history of diel activity and wing length reduction in females. Analysis of divergence times suggested that female flightlessness has evolved at least three times independently between the early and late Miocene. The evolution of wing length reduction is likely correlated with elevation, indicating adaptations to cold and windy conditions in high altitude. The evolutionary events leading to shifts in adult diel activity, from ancestral nocturnality to diurnality, have occurred independently at least three times and may also be a consequence of adaptations at high elevations. Strikingly, among diurnal Sciadia, two species have evolved further to become nocturnal like their ancestors. Our findings highlight how phylogenies can provide new insights into evolutionary patterns in moths. We provided a robust basis for resolving taxonomic ambiguities in Alpine Gnophini, leading us to propose 10 changes to the current classification: Scrupodes Lee & Sihvonen gen. n., Elophos Boisduval (type species Geometra operaria Hübner) is considered a junior synonym of Sciadia Hübner syn. n., Yezognophos dilucidaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) and Y. sproengertsi (Püngeler) are transferred to Parietaria Leraut comb. n., Yezognophos serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) is transferred to Scrupeus Lee & Sihvonen comb. n., Elophos caelibaria (Heydenreich), E. zirbitzensis (Pieszcek), E. operaria (Hübner) and E. andereggaria (De La Harpe) are transferred to Sciadia Hübner comb. n. and Dichrognophos Wehrli (type species Gnophos orthogonia Wehrli) is transferred from Ennominae: Cassymini to Ennominae: Gnophini.
期刊介绍:
Systematic Entomology publishes original papers on insect systematics, phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy, with a preference for general interest papers of broad biological, evolutionary or zoogeographical relevance.