Postoperative adhesions in urgent gynecological practice — the analysis of etiological and pathophysiological factors

The adhesive process in the abdomen in the postoperative period is still a stumbling block for modern medicine. This is due to the fact that surgical activity is increasing, but there is no common solution for precaution. Complications associated with adhesions after urgent gynecological interventions are some of the causes of infertility, which becomes a problem for not only healthcare and society, the patient and their future, but also the government, as it leads to population decline. This review is focused on the study of the adhesive process etiology in surgical gynecology and the pathogenesis traits. We analyzed the literature on the Web of Science, eLibrary, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline using the following keywords: “adhesions,” “adhesive process,” “review,” “operations,” “pathogenesis of formation of adhesions,” and “reproductive dysfunction”. The research included full-text sources and literature reviews on the studied subject. Articles not related directly to the topic of the adhesive process in the postoperative period were excluded from the review. This literature review has demonstrated that despite the ongoing research of scientists all over the world into postoperative adhesion, its etiology and pathogenesis remain not fully understood and disclosed. This dictates the need to continue studying the adhesive process and searching for new solutions in prevention. As far as the attention of surgeons and reproductive specialists is focused on the issues of preventing the adhesive process, we are confident that in the near future, scientists will find a unified solution to this complex problem and practical healthcare specialists will successfully implement it.