The effectiveness of the P5BL model in teaching biology for developing high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the P5BL model in developing high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation in biology. To achieve the study objectives, a quasi-experimental design was adopted. The research sample consisted of 112 male students divided into two groups: a control group (54 students) and an experimental group (58 students). The research tools are a deep understanding achievement test, consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and the academic achievement motivation scale, consisting of 32 items. The results revealed that the P5BL model is effective in developing second-grade high school students’ deep understanding (explanation, interpretation, application and perspective) and academic achievement motivation (academic ambition, goal orientation, achievement orientation and cognitive motivation). A correlation was also found between developing second-grade high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation. The most important recommendations include the need to prepare guidance for science teachers to help them teach using the P5BL model, as well as inform science teachers of the importance of using the P5BL model to develop deep understanding and academic achievement motivation. Many suggestions are also presented, including conducting further research on teaching biology, such as investigating the impact of the P5BL model on developing students' creative thinking and inquiry skills and investigating the effectiveness of the P5BL model in developing pre-service biology teachers’ tendency toward self-reflection and reflective thinking skills.