Optimization and GRA prediction of Al–Cu pulsed laser welding process based on RSM

In this paper, the process parameters of pulsed laser welding of Al–Cu are studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and grey relation analysis (GRA) to propose optimal directions for lap-shear strength of the joints. A single-factor experiment was conducted to find the suitable process parameter windows. The RSM models were established and analyzed with laser power, welding speed, pulse width, and frequency as inputs and joint lap shear, interfacial weld width, and weld-penetration-depth as outputs. With the use of GRA of interfacial weld width and weld penetration depth with the lap-shear force of joints, the improved direction for the lap-shear force of joints can be proposed.