作息时间表的随机模型

A. Bochkovskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的建立随机模型,用于确定工作和休息时间表的持续时间,以确保工人在工作期间免受职业危害并获得高水平的劳动生产率。方法。运用科学文献分析法确定研究的目的和任务;形式化方法--描述工人在作息时间表内发生的有害生产因素负面影响后果的积累和消除随机过程的特征、动态和状态;半马尔可夫过程理论、可靠性和恢复理论方法--建立作息时间表的随机模型,确定其稳定运行模式的条件和概率。研究结果建立随机模型是为了确定工作计划的持续时间,在该持续时间结束时,工人体内有害生产因素负面影响后果的累积水平将很有可能不超过设定的最大允许值。休息时间结束时,该水平将等于零(也很有可能)。作者确定了确保这些时间表在整个工作场所工作期间稳定运行的条件。独创性。首次提出了一种制定工作场所作息时间表的方法,与其他方法不同的是,这种方法的基础是,根据有害生产因素对工人负面影响的实际随机和动态特征,确定在这些作息时间表结束时这种影响后果的累积水平的概率。这反过来又可以确保工人免受疲劳造成的事故和职业病的伤害。实用价值。建议的方法可以通过确保高水平的劳动生产率来提高企业的经济效益,而高水平的劳动生产率是通过同时制定尽可能长的工作时间和尽可能短的休息时间来实现的,这就排除了工人发生疲劳和职业病的可能性。
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Stochastic models of work and rest schedules
Purpose. To develop stochastic models for determining the duration of work and rest schedules that ensure protection of workers from occupational hazards and a high level of labor productivity during a work shift. Methodology. Analysis of scientific literature was applied to determine the purpose and tasks of the research; methods of formalization – to describe the characteristics, dynamics and states of random processes of accumulation and elimination of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors occurring in an worker within the work and rest schedules; methods of semi-Markov processes theory, theories of reliability and recovery – to build stochastic models of work and rest schedules, determine the conditions and probability of a stable mode of their operation. Findings. Stochastic models were developed to determine the duration of work schedules, at the end of which the level of accumulation of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors in the worker will not exceed the set maximum permissible values with a high probability. And such durations of rest schedules, at the end of which this level will be equal to zero (also with a high probability). The condition for ensuring the stable operation of these schedules throughout the entire period of work experience at the workplace was determined by the author. Originality. For the first time an approach to the development of work and rest schedules at workplaces is proposed, which, contrary to others, is based on determining the probabilities of the levels of accumulation of the consequences of the negative impact of harmful production factors in the worker at the end of these schedules, given the actual random and dynamic characteristics of such impact. This, in turn, allows ensuring the protection of the worker both from accidents caused by the fatigue and from professional illness. Practical value. The proposed approach allows increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise by ensuring a high level of labor productivity, which is achieved by simultaneous development of the maximum possible duration of work and the minimum possible duration of rest schedules, which exclude the worker’s development and occurrence of fatigue and professional illness with a high probability.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.70
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0.00%
发文量
148
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