南非的鸡肉倾销及对当地商业养鸡业的长期影响:综述

MJ Madibana, CH Fouche, F. Manyeula, M. J. Madibana
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在强调鸡肉倾销贸易对南非本地商业养鸡业的影响。南非的养殖成本上升,这为鸡肉生产成本较低的海外国家提供了肥沃的土壤,使其能够以较低的价格向南非出口过剩的鸡肉产品。南非的养鸡户已经面临着国内的挑战,包括饲料成本高、进口鸡苗成本高以及生产肉鸡所需的资源。当地一枚受精罗斯 308 / 柯布 500 育肥蛋的成本至少为 2.50 兰特(0.12 美元),而国际当地育种商采购这些基因品系的价格超过 1 美元一枚。当地存在持续干旱、鸡病、高电价和电力短缺(停电)等问题。这些挑战不可避免地提高了南非的鸡肉生产成本,而美国、巴西和欧盟国家的养殖业却得到了高额补贴,没有高昂的电费和停电问题。巴西进口鸡肉的价格为每公斤 9 兰特,而本地生产的鸡肉价格为每公斤 25 兰特。为缓解鸡肉倾销贸易,南非政府对鸡肉征收高达 62% 的合法进口关税,但由于食品成本上升,政府于 2022 年 8 月暂停征收这些关税,希望廉价的倾销鸡肉能缓解消费者的经济压力。此举在当地养鸡业内引起了轩然大波,由于与主要来自巴西和美国的低价鸡肉的激烈竞争,当地养鸡场的生存举步维艰。南非越来越多的养鸡场正在裁员。截至 2023 年,南非家禽业估计共雇用了 7 万名员工,如果不通过包括适当倾销关税在内的严格立法来控制南非的鸡肉倾销,其他员工将对其企业未来的可持续性提出质疑。本文建议,养鸡业、鸡肉进口商和政府应定期对话,在大多数本地养鸡户因鸡肉倾销而关闭店铺之前达成共识。政府与养鸡业之间的定期对话可以避免单方面暂停进口关税。应像美国或巴西农民那样,引入可吸收部分运营成本的补贴。关键字鸡肉倾销、养鸡业、可持续性、鸡肉生产挑战
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Chicken dumping in South Africa and the long-term effects on local commercial chicken farming industry: a review
The aim of this article is to highlight the effects of chicken dumping trade on South African local commercial chicken farming industry. The high cost of farming in South African has risen and this has created a fertile ground for overseas countries where chicken production costs are low to intensify their exports to South Africa for their excess chicken products at a lower price. South African chicken farmers are already facing domestic challenges which includes high-cost feed, high cost of importing chicken lines and resources to produce the meat chicken. A local single fertilised Ross 308 / Cobb 500 Fertile egg cost at least R2.50 ($0.12), whereas international, local breeders source these genetic lines at over a $1 an egg. Locally, there is persistent drought, chicken diseases, high electricity cost and electricity shortages (load shedding). These challenges inevitably raise costs of chicken production in South Africa whereas the US, Brazil and EU countries farming industries are highly subsidised and experience no high electricity costs or load shedding. In perspective, imported chicken from Brazil cost R9 per kg as compared to locally produced chicken at R25 per kg. To mitigate the chicken dumping trade, the South African government imposed legally sound chicken import tariffs of up to 62 %, however in August of 2022, the government suspended these tariffs due to rising food costs in the hope that the cheap dumped chicken would provide a relief to the financially stressed consumers. This move has raffled feathers within the local chicken farming sector which is struggling to sustain their farms due to stiff competition with the low-priced chicken, predominantly from Brazil and the US. More chicken farms in South Africa are shedding jobs. As of 2023, the poultry industry in South Africa employs an estimated total of 70,000 people, and others are questioning the sustainability of their enterprises going forward if the chicken dumping in the country is not controlled via stringent legislation that include appropriate dumping tariffs. This article suggests that both the chicken farming industry, the chicken importers and the government should hold regular dialogs to get common ground before the majority of local chicken farmers close shops due to chicken dumping. The regular engagements between the government and the chicken industry could avoid seemingly unilateral suspension of import tariffs. Subsidies that could absorb some of the operation cost, as is the case with US or Brazilian farmers should be introduced. Key words: Chicken dumping, chicken farming, sustainability, chicken production challenges
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来源期刊
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
124
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: The African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND) is a highly cited and prestigious quarterly peer reviewed journal with a global reputation, published in Kenya by the Africa Scholarly Science Communications Trust (ASSCAT). Our internationally recognized publishing programme covers a wide range of scientific and development disciplines, including agriculture, food, nutrition, environmental management and sustainable development related information.
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