恶性卡他热:发病机制、预防和控制问题(综述)

S. S. Spitsyna, O. Burova, P. A. Andriyanov, P. A. Zhurilov, E. A. Liskova, O. I. Zakharova, A. I. Tutrina, D. D. Kashina, N. A. Grebnev, V. N. Kachan, I. V. Yashin, A. A. Blokhin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

恶性卡他热是一种非传染性传染病,偶发于牛和野生半齿兽。该病的病原体来源于野马、绵羊和山羊,其感染过程通常无症状。临床和病理症状的表现多种多样,通常以神经、呼吸和消化系统受损为特征,在器官和组织中会发现淋巴细胞和组织细胞血管炎的迹象。该病的诊断可通过临床和组织学方法综合进行,但主要方法是使用 PCR 检测材料中的病毒 DNA。然而,由于诊断措施效率不高、缺乏疫苗和监管框架过时,该疾病的控制和预防存在诸多困难。俄罗斯目前还没有用于诊断该疾病的商用试剂盒。只有采用复杂研究方案的研究机构才能进行诊断。由于对发病机理了解不足,试图研制有效疫苗预防恶性卡他热的努力尚未取得成功,因此无法全面实施预防措施。20 多年来,确定控制和消除该疾病的方法的法规一直没有更新。这些问题的复杂性极大地扭曲了恶性卡他热的客观流行状况,助长了恶性卡他热的隐性传播,造成了不明确的经济和经济损失。
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Malignant catarrhal fever: pathogenesis, problems of prevention and control (review)
Malignant catarrhal fever is a non-contagious infectious disease that occurs sporadically in the population of cattle and wild artiodactyls. The source of the causative agent of the disease is wildebeest, sheep, and goats, in which the infectious process is usually asymptomatic. The manifestation of clinical and pathological signs is variable, often characterized by damage to the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, in the organs and tissues of which signs of lymphocytic and histiocytic vasculitis are noted. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out comprehensively using clinical and histological methods, but the main method is the detection of viral DNA in the material using PCR. However, control and prevention of the disease have a number of difficulties due to insufficient efficiency of diagnostic measures, lack of vaccines and outdated regulatory framework. There are no commercially available kits for diagnosing the disease in Russia. This diagnosis is available to research organizations, where complex research protocols are used. Due to insufficient knowledge of the pathogenesis, attempts to create effective vaccines against malignant catarrhal fever have not yet been successful, which does not allow for the full implementation of preventive measures. Regulatory acts defining approaches to control and elimination of the disease have not been updated for more than 20 years. The complex of these problems significantly distorts the objective epizootic situation on malignant catarrhal fever and contributes to its hidden spread with unclear economic and economic damage.
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