守门员位置精英手球运动员专项训练的特点

IF 0.7 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.15561/26649837.2024.0108
Ion Mihaila, Mihai - Cătălin Popescu, Xavier Pascual - Fuertes, D. Popescu, Maura Stancu, Alexandru Acsinte, Constantin Ciorbă
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和研究目的。手球精英守门员需要接受反应能力和先进技术的强化训练。他们在比赛的关键时刻能够承受压力并承担责任,从而培养出坚韧的心理素质。因此,他们为球队的目标保驾护航。本研究旨在调查和强调专攻守门员位置的手球精英球员的具体训练特点。选取罗马尼亚最优秀的 4 名精英手球守门员,年龄在 22 至 33 岁之间。采用特定的运动测试:测试 1 - 跳 15 秒;测试 2 - 对视觉刺激的反应速度;测试 3 - 执行速度。技术测试门将专项测试、三角移动、十跳、掷球、立定跳远、定点传球、库珀测试。为了改进具体训练,采用了优化训练的策略,包括伸展活动、分段肌肉力量、守门员专项练习和负重练习。采用非参数斯皮尔曼相关系数来评估技术训练与运动技能参数之间的关系。统计显著性水平设定为 p<0.05。专攻守门员位置的精英手球运动员在跳跃 15 秒测试中的表现有显著提高。接触时间减少了 0.13 秒,而起跳高度增加了 0.55 厘米,显示了效率和力量的提高。在对视觉刺激的反应速度测试中,等待时间和反应时间大幅减少,而起脚高度增加。在左右脚执行速度测试中,观察到的差异显示了个体适应性。右脚的总体时间较短,而左脚的总体时间明显增加。非参数斯皮尔曼相关分析表明了技术体能测试指标与力量和速度运动技能之间的关系。在测试 1--跳跃 15 秒--中发现了 49 项相关性,其中 5.36%具有统计学意义,突出了某些参数之间的紧密联系。测试 2 的分析表明有 56 个相关性,但缺乏统计意义,这表明技术测试与反应速度表现参数之间缺乏联系。测试 3 发现了 28 个相关性。统计意义的缺乏表明,技术测试与执行速度之间没有明显的相关性。精英手球守门员的表现表明,他们的运动和技术能力有了显著提高,这突出说明了专项训练的有效性和适应性。跳跃和反应速度方面的进步表明,守门员的成功离不开训练的提高,这也强调了个性化和全面训练的必要性。
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Characteristics of specific training in elite handball players specialized in goalkeeper position
Background and Study Aim. Elite handball goalkeepers undergo intensive training for reflexes and advanced techniques. They develop mental toughness to handle the pressure and responsibility at key moments of the game. Thus, they protect the goal of the team. This study aims to investigate and highlight the specific training characteristics of elite handball players specialized in the goalkeeper position. Material and Methods. The best 4 goalkeepers specialized in elite handball in Romania, aged between 22 and 33 years, were selected. Specific motor tests were used: Test 1 - Jumps 15 seconds; Test 2 – Reaction speed to visual stimulus; Test 3 – Execution speed. Technical tests were used: Test specific to goalkeeper, Triangle moving, The Ten Jump, Ball throwing, Standing long jump, Passes to a fixed point; The Cooper test. To improve specific training, there were applied strategies for training optimization which include stretching for mobility, segmental muscle strength, goalkeeping specific exercises and plyometrics. The nonparametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between technical training and motor skills parameters. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Results. The performance of elite handball players specializing in goalkeeper position highlighted significant improvements in the Jumps 15 sec test. Contact time decreased by 0.13 seconds while the jump height increased by 0.55 cm, showing improved efficiency and power. In the Reaction speed to visual stimulus test, waiting time and reaction time decreased considerably, while the foot rising height increased. In the right and left leg Execution speed test, the differences observed reveal individual adaptations. The overall time is low in the right foot and there is a significant increase in the left foot. The nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis showed the relationship between the indices of technical fitness tests and the strength and speed motor skills. During Test 1 - Jumps 15 sec - 49 correlations were identified, of which 5.36% were statistically significant, highlighting strong connections between certain parameters. The analysis of Test 2 showed 56 correlations, but the lack of statistical significance reveals the absence of connections between the technical tests and the parameters of reaction speed manifestation. Regarding Test 3, a number of 28 correlations were identified. The lack of statistical significance suggests the absence of significant correlations between the technical tests and the execution speed. Conclusions. The performances of elite handball goalkeepers show significant improvements in motor and technical skills, highlighting the effectiveness of specific training and its adaptability. The progress in jumping and reaction speed indicates essential improvements for goalkeeping success, emphasizing the necessity for personalized and holistic training.
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来源期刊
Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports
Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports Social Sciences-Education
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6 weeks
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